12th Air Force, 57th Bombardment Wing

321st Bombardment Group

History: May 1944

The following is a compilation of the 321st Bomb Group’s individual Squadron War
Diaries. They have been transcribed word for word, from the Squadron Histories
provided by the Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA), Maxwell Air Force
Base Alabama. At the end of each Squadron’s daily entry, the individuals cited in the
entry are identified by full name, rank and duty, in alphabetical order. The day’s entry
begins with the Tactical Operations Statement, from the United States Army Air Forces
(USAAF) Chronology, for the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO).

A/C: Aircraft sk: sick

A/D: Aerodrome abs: absent

Assg: Assigned XC: Cross Country

BC: Bomber Command S.O.I.: Standard Operating Instructions?

CAVU: Ceiling and Visibility Unlimited E/A: Enemy Aircraft

Demo: Demolition SC: Flight

E/M: Enlisted Men L/V: Large Vehicle

F/L: Formation Leader - Flight Leader IP: Initial Point

FO: Flying Officer B.R.L.: Ballistic Research Laboratory

Frag: Fragmentation L.S.T.: Landing Ship Tank

Ltr: Letter POE: Point of Embarkation

L/S: Landing Strip M/V: (some kind of water vehicle/boat?)

M/T: Motor Transport (Truck) L/G: Landing Ground

M/Y: Marshalling Yards A/F: Air Field

Repl: Replacement T.O.T: Time Over Target/Time On Target

R/J: Railroad Junction (road junction?) C.O.: Commanding Officer

RR: Railroad C.P.: Command Post

R/Y: Railroad Yards L.O.T.: ? see 447th, 2 May

S.D.: Special Duty C.A.: ? see 447th, 8 May

SO: Special Order A.A.: Anti-Aircraft (Artillery)

GO: General Order

Sq: Squadron R/B: Road Bridge

Sqdn: Squadron RR/B: Railroad Bridge

Q.M.: Quarter Master S.A.P.: Semi-Armor Piercing

Trfd: Transferred T.O.: Technical Order

TD: Temporary Duty P.B.S.: 447th, 2 June ?

D.S.: Detached Service RON: Remain OverNight

PDI: Pilot Direction Indicator PX: Post Exchange

S/E: Strategic fighter T/E: Tactical fighter

VOCO: Verbal Order of the Commanding Officer

NATOUSA: North Atlantic Theater of Operations USA

SWA: Seriously Wounded in Action LWA: Lightly Wounded in Action

O.D.: Officer of the day C.Q.: Charge of Quarters

N.C.O.: Non-Commissioned Officer GP: General Purpose

Monday, 1 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
attack bridges at Albinia Station, NW of Chiusi, in and near Grosseto, near Monte
Molino, Calafuria and at Pontedera; also attacked are a viaduct at Monte Catellana and
marshalling yards at Florence/Campo di Marte and Florence, with particularly good
results at Florence; light bombers hit an ammunition dump at Fara in Sabina; P-40s and
P-47s hit rail tracks in the Rome area, Priverno Station, guns N of Anzio, dumps at
Frascati, stations at Colleferro and Frosinone, tracks at Orbetello and Orvieto, a bridge
and tunnel N of Todi, a road in Canino, a dump and factory at Stimigliono, vessels E of
Piombino, a factory E of Cecina, bridge approaches at Grosseto and Arezzo, a dump at
Grosseto and a tunnel at Rignano sull Arno; and HQ 79th Fighter Group and 86th and 87th
Fighter Squadrons move from Capodichino to Pomigliano with P-47s.

445th BS War Diary: The Todi R.R. Bridge was successfully hit by 445th bombs.
Today, changes in the administration of the squadron were put into effect. Col. Smith,
the new Group C.O. has insisted upon a tightening of military discipline and behavior. In
the 445th the E.M. were required to report for roll call at 06:45 after being awakened by a
loudly blown whistle at 06:30. This is the first time the E.M. have had a morning roll call
since arriving in this overseas theater. The reaction among the men were diverse. Some
resented the change and grumbled. Others made wisecracks and participated in a mock
roll call at 06:40. They could be heard all over the area yelling “here”, “here”, “here”.
This marks a new era in the squadron history. In line with the C.O.’s orders Engineers,
Radio Operator gunners and Armament gunners reported to their respective departments
for duty during non-flying hours. The will assist ground personnel. Red alerts were
sounded during the course of the night.

Smith, Richard H., Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander

446th BS War Diary: A mission is flown to Todi, Italy.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 232

TARGET: RR Bridge, N of Todi, Italy. DATE: 1 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 5000lb Demo. 446th Planes: 6

Lt. Morris led the formation. The first flight made two runs on the target, dropping on a
330º axis. The second flight dropped on a 260º axis. Both N and S approaches were
reported hit, with some bombs observed hitting beneath the bridge. Three planes dropped
on a target of opportunity (bridge) with unobserved results. No flak, no fighters.

Morris, Meade L., Jr., Lt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 7 of our ships participated in a raid on RR Bridge at Todi, with Lt.
Stocking leading our squadron. Both N and S approaches were hit with some bombs
hitting beneath the bridge itself. Three ships dropped short on bridge N of primary and
three other planes dropped on target of opportunity. A large number of the 447th
personnel are still waiting on orders at Bagnolia. 12 passes to visit Naples were given
out. Today’s training consisted of an XC flight from Corsica to Italy by Lt. Banks and a
practice bombing mission.

Monday, 1 May 1944 (continued)

Banks, Herbert J., 2Lt, pilot Stocking, Eugene, E., 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 226 (273). At 11:40 26 planes off to bomb Monte
Molino RR bridge and 20 planes dropped 160 x 500 bombs at 13:30 from 9,000 feet on
primary target. 3 planes dropped 24 x 500 bombs on RR bridge just N of primary target.
3 planes dropped 24 x 500 on RR bridge at E-7885. Both N and S approaches reported
hit with some bombs observed hitting beneath bridge. No flak. Weather: 3/10th cover at
primary.

Tuesday, 2 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, attacks against
rail lines and bridges in N Italy continue; medium bombers bomb an approach to a bridge
in N Oriveto, bridges in S Ficulle and in Marsciano, and marshalling yards in
Florence/Campo di Marte and W and NW Florence; light bombers hit an ammunition
dump NE of Rome; P-40s and P-47s hit rail lines N of Rome, bridges SW of Rome, guns
N of Anzio, a road at Montefiascone, a road bridge at Cecina, trucks and planes at
Malignano landing ground and several other dumps, roads, and rail lines in N Italy.

445th BS War Diary: 445th got right in there to score direct hits on the R.R. Bridge due
north of Marsciano, Italy. The plans for elaborate buildings to house the Officers and
Enlisted Mens Clubs are going into effect. The main room is to be surrounded on three
sides by a screened in porch. The kitchen will be on the fourth side. Since the only
lumber available is in rough form with the bark still on the outside, the plans are for a
rustic style club. Lt. Lower has constructed a buzz saw which is to run off the rear wheel
of a jeep. The slabs had to be ripped on at least two sides. M/Sgt Gene Graf has been
placed in charge of the construction crews for the E.M. while Sgt. Hiram Stanford is
overseeing the actual building. 529 went to Palermo and Capt. Strenger to Foggia.

Graf, Edward E. “Gene”, M/Sgt, communications Stanford, Hiram P., Sgt, carpenter

Lower, William C., Lt, personal equipment Strenger, Marshall C., Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: One mission today. A mail call late in the afternoon.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 233

TARGET: Marsciano RR Bridge, Italy. DATE: 2 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb Demo. 446th Planes: 7

Lt. Wiginton, 447th Sqdn. led the formation. Bridge was hit in the center with possible
hits on the N and S ends of the approaches. Some bombs were over and some short. 10
FW-190s and Me-109s tangled with the escort. No flak.

Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot, 447th BS

447th BS War Diary: 6 of our ships participated in a raid on RR Bridge at Marsciano
with Lt. Wiginton leading the Group. Bridge hit in center and possible hits on N and S
ends of approaches. Large explosion on or near bridge seen, possible due to mines.
Some bombs over and short. S/Sgt. Sidney Orloff, S/Sgt. Herman Roberts and Sgt.
Robert P. Quintenz returned from DS with the 5th Army. Today’s training consisted of
local transition and bombing practice. Finally received embarkation orders. Loading of
equipment on two American L.O.T.s with Greek crews, has started. All personnel spent
the night on board.

Orloff, Sidney, S/Sgt, radio-gunner Quintenz, Robert P., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner

Roberts, Herman, S/Sgt, gunner Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot, 447th BS

Tuesday, 2 May 1944 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Mission 227 (274). At 09:10 27 planes off to bomb Marsciano
RR bridge and dropped 191 x 500 at 11:10 from 9,000 feet. The bridge was observed to
have been hit in the center by an excellent concentration and there were good clusters on
both ends causing probable hits. A large explosion was reported either on or beneath the

bridge. Observers reported 3 – 4 E/A on deck going W at 10:50 and 10 FW-190’s and
ME-109’s near Castiglione at 11:20, engaged by escort. No flak. 12 Spits escort.
Weather: CAVU at target.

Wednesday, 3 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): AAF, MTO: 16th
Reconnaissance Squadron (Heavy, Special), AAF, MTO, moves from Foch Field,
Tunisia to Foggia, Italy with B-17s; a detachment is operating from Borgo, Corsica. The
16th serves as a radar detection and countermeasures unit in the MTO. In Italy, B-25s
and B-26s pound railway bridges at Monte Molino, Orvieto, and Taggia, bridge
approaches at Ficulle and Imperia, and Ventimiglia marshalling yards; A-20s attack
ammunition dumps; P-40s and P-47s attack rail lines, bridge, dump, guns and buildings
in the battle area and score 4 direct hits on an observation post S of Cassino; vessels and
docks at Civitavecchia and Montalto di Castro and road bridges and rail lines in the area;
town of Fondi and rail lines and bridges nearby; railway bridges at Foligno, Sant'Elpidio
a Mare and Grosseto; viaduct at Terni; and numerous vehicles, dumps, railroads, vessels,
and other targets in the battle areas and in N Italy; and 447th Bombardment Squadron
(Medium), 321st Bombardment Group (Medium), moves from Gaudo Airfield to
Solenzara, Corsica with B-25s.

445th BS War Diary: A plane from our group crashed into the sea following take off.
The crew is safe but damp. 445th is feeding 447th and others while their kitchens are
being set up. The length of the chow lines has hit a new high and the boys are really
sweating them out. Three planes went up on a practice mission. Two truck loads of
lumber have come in. The S-2 Department has erected its European situation maps. The
Nissen hut for kitchen supplies is completed.

446th BS War Diary: The squadron flies to attack a point north of Rome.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 234

TARGET: Ficulle (N) RR Bridge, Italy. DATE: 3 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb Demo. 446th Planes: 7

Lt. Stewart, 448th Sqdn. led the formation. Bombs scattered to N and S of bridge with
possible hits on center. Tracks cut to S and possible hits on highway bridge E of target.
Ten planes failed to bomb. Plane crashed into sea on take-off, crew safe. Flak was scant
to moderate, heavy and inaccurate. No fighters.

Stewart, Hugh W., 2Lt, pilot, 448th BS or Stewart, John C., 2Lt, pilot, 448th BS

447th BS War Diary: Lt. Beebe in plane 583 took-off as scheduled on today’s mission,
but crash landed immediately in the sea after one engine cut out. Bombs were salvoed
and no one was seriously injured. The crew was picked-up by an ASR launch. The plane
sank within 5 minutes. Lt. Alger in plane 695 took off as lead spare but did not complete
mission, instead he circled Lt. Beebe’s ship until ASR arrived. 5 of our ships completed
today’s mission, raiding RR Bridge at A-655800, with Lt. Seavey leading our squadron.
Bombs scattered with possible hits on highway bridge E of target. Early this morning we
left Naples enroute to Corsica, escorted by one British destroyer. 1st Lt. Fred E. Ryherd,
2nd Lt. Wayne T. Rye, Jr., and 2nd Lt. John R Gillis returned from DS with the 5th Army.
Today’s training consisted of low level practice bombing and a local test flight.

Alger, LeRoy, Lt, pilot Beebe, Harwood, Jr., 2Lt, pilot

Wednesday, 3 May 1944 (continued)

Gillis, John R., 2nd Lt, pilot Rye, Wayne T., Jr., 2Lt, bombardier

Ryherd, Fred E., 1Lt, pilot Seavey, George D., Lt, pilot

447th BS: War Diary: Mango, Vincent A., Sgt, armament, gunner

TARGET: Ficulle (N) RR Bridge, Italy.

Plane 538: Lt. Dean, Lt. Krafka, Lt. Spruill, Sgt. Partee, S/Sgt Alpino, Sgt Mango

“Lt. Beebe in plane 583 took off but crashed immediately into sea. Crew was picked up
by AASR launch and no one was injured seriously. Plane was a wash out and sank in 5
min. after crash. Bombs scattered w/possible hits on center of bridge. Tracks cut to S and
possible hits on highway bridge E of target.”

A/C No. 42-64583 (crashed)

A/C No. 538

Beebe, Harwood, Jr., 1Lt

Dean, Harvey A., Lt or Dean, Ivan E., Lt

Martin, William H, Jr., 1Lt

Krafka, Edward, 2Lt

None

Lundmark, Norman J., 2Lt

Spruill, Marvin L., 2Lt

Escher, Carl S., S/Sgt

Partee, Watson L., Sgt

Korzeniowski, Edward S., Sgt

Alpino, Joseph P., S/Sgt

Sinclair, Ralph, S/Sgt

Mango, Vincent A., Sgt

None

448th BS War Diary: Mission 228 (275). At 08:15 27 planes off to bomb Ficulle RR
bridge. 1 plane crashed in sea on take-off, crew safe, another plane circled the crash. 15
planes dropped 24 x 1000 and 36 x 1000 at 09:45 from 9,000 feet. 10 planes failed to
identify target and returned bombs to base. All down at 10:40. Main patter of bombs
across bridge, possible hits on center and tracks cut to S of bridge and possible hits on
hiway bridge E of target. Heavy, scant and inaccurate flak from S of target and vicinity
of Fabro. Much traffic on roads near target. Weather: CAVU at target.

Thursday, 4 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, main effort again
is against lines of communications; medium bombers hit bridges, tracks and marshalling
yards; P-40s, A-36s and P-47s hit rail lines in and around Priverno, guns and radar station
N of Anzio, railroad cars, rail lines, and bridge in the Orte-Attigliano and Orte-Narni
areas, motor transport and stores E of Frascati, marshalling yards at Colleferro and
Follonica, and trucks and personnel on the Fondi-Pico road; vessels at Leghorn and
numerous railroad targets at scattered points are attacked. Flight of the 5th Combat
Mapping Squadron, 3rd Photographic Group (Reconnaissance), operating from San
Severo, Italy returns to base at Pomigliano, Italy with F-5s

445th BS War Diary: Captain Neumann has a feather in his cap today. The formation
which he led dropped its bombs directly upon the Albinia R.R. Bridge. Today the
Officers received the pay. A detail of men has been dispatched on D.S. to a saw mill.
We may not expect a more regular influx of lumber truck loads.

Neumann, Robert H., Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Word comes through that Sergeant Cleveland is a Prisoner of
War. We fly a mission.

Cleveland, William C., Sgt, gunner

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 235

TARGET: RR Bridge, Albinia, Italy. DATE: 4 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb Demo. 446th Planes: 7

Capt. Neuman, 445th Sqdn. led the formation. String of bombs across center of bridge
and direct hit observed on N end. North and south approaches received hits. Possible
hits on road bridge W of target. Flak was heavy, moderate and inaccurate. No fighters.

Neumann, Robert H., Capt, pilot, 445th BS

447th BS War Diary: 7 of our ships participated in a raid on Albinia RR Bridge, with
Lt. Murray leading our squadron. One string of bombs hit across center of bridge and
direct hits observed on N end. N and S approaches received hits and possible hits on road
N of target. Few bombs in water short of target. Today’s training consisted of low level
practice bombing. Arrived at Porto Vecchio—uneventful voyage. Equipment loaded on
trucks and with personnel arrived at Solenzara Airfield. A certain amount of equipment
was lost during the move which caused a great deal of inconvenience, especially to Capt.
Manley who is missing all of his escape purses.

Manley, Robert W., Capt, intelligence Murray, Robert E., Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 229 (276). At 15:42 27 planes off to bomb Albinia RR
bridge and dropped 215 x 500 on alternate target Albinia at 17:27 from 9,000 feet. All
returned at 18:07. Strings of bombs across center of bridge with direct hits on center of
bridge and N end. Tracks on both approaches cut. Possible hits on R/B W of target. One
span of RR/B appears to be destroyed. Heavy, scant, inaccurate flak from San Stefano.
Weather: 4/10th cover.

Friday, 5 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, A-20s bomb a
supply dump W of Albano Laziale; XII Tactical Air Command A-36s, P-47s and P-40s
fly 24 missions cutting rail lines N and NE of Rome, and hitting guns N of the Anzio
beachhead and N of Gaeta and a dump near Frascati; bridges at Orvieto and W of Lake
Bolsena are damaged by direct hits, a barge at San Stefano al Mare is hit, several trucks
destroyed or damaged, rail lines are cut in several places near Sesti Bagni and aircraft are
hit at the Canino landing ground. A flight of the 5th Combat Mapping Squadron, 3rd
Photographic Group (Reconnaissance), operating from San Severo, Italy returns to base
at Pomigliano, Italy with F-5s.

445th BS War Diary: The sun came through a thick haze this morning. Mission was
cancelled. A training flight was able to take the air. 447th Bomb Squadron has
discontinued eating with us much to the joy of the chow hounds. We were paid today
and the boys are busily occupied brushing up on their French as Lires are a thing of the
past. Captain Cratin an old 445th pilot now with the Ferry Command flew a new B-25-J
to the squadron today. Rations were distributed this afternoon. Lts. Farrell, Walker and
Sgt. Ellison are to leave for the States on the 30 day rotation plan.

Cratin, William S., Capt, pilot Ellison, Clyde, Sgt, turret gunner

Farrell, Robert A., Lt, pilot

Walker, James O., Lt, pilot or Walker, Robert S., Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Usual squadron duties. Lts. Le Clair, Matsinger, Robertson, Rice
and Wotkowicz plus enlisted combat personnel of Sgt. E. Leary, Clay, Turner and
Roulier go to Cairo on DS for a well earned rest.

Clay, Daniel W., Sgt, engineer-gunner Leary, Edward M., T/Sgt, radio-gunner

LeClair, Edward R., Lt, pilot Matzinger, Keith R., Lt, pilot

Rice, Sumner W., Lt, bombardier Robertson, Charles W., Lt, bombardier

Roulier, Edward T., S/Sgt, gunner Turner, Allen B., S/Sgt, bombardier/gunner

Wotkowicz, Frank J., 2 Lt, pilot

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: Mission scheduled, but cancelled due to weather conditions. Pfc
James W. Austin, Jr. was transferred from the 447th Bomb Sq to the 340th Bomb Gp.
Today’s training consisted of practice low level bombing. Everyone busy getting
organized at our new base.

Austin, James W., Jr., PFC, gunner

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Saturday, 6 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, A-20s pound a
storage area at Itri; A-36s hit rail lines in the Viterbo area; P 40s hit guns, tracks and
railroad station in and around Frosinone, and rail lines, stations, roads and town area in
and near Itri, Colleferro and Sezze; P-47s hit Certaldo marshalling yard and numerous
railroad and highway targets, including several bridges; and HQ 324th Fighter Group and
314th Fighter Squadron move from Cercola to Pignataro Maggiore with P-40s.

445th BS War Diary: It has been extremely misty and today’s mission has been
cancelled. Lt. Heflin another 445th old timer flew a new B-25-J here this morning.
Cross-country flights are being held to a minimum to enable faster progress on the clubs.
Supper was super! Pork chops, cream gravy and potatoes. “Buck” Sergeant produced
many packages from his mail bags to top off a pleasant evening.

Heflin, Norman H. B., Lt, pilot Sergeant, William A. “Buck”, Sgt, mail clerk

446th BS War Diary: Erection of the enlisted men’s mess begins along with some work
on the volley ball courts.

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: A mission was scheduled for today, but cancelled due to weather
conditions. 1st Lt. Fred E. Ryherd is on DS, Hq. Bomb Training center. Today’s training
consisted of low level bombing practice.

Ryherd, Fred E., 1Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Sunday, 7 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, weather remains
poor and precludes medium bomber operations; A-20s hit a dump SW of Albano Laziale;

fighter-bombers hit communications, especially roads, with excellent results; roads,
motor transports, trains, gun positions, bridges, tracks, marshalling yards, harbor areas
and other targets are attacked in areas around Stimigliano, Vetralla, Viterbo, Bracciano,
Anzio, Manziana, Acquapendente, Civitavecchia, Terracina, Rome and Elba Island.

445th BS War Diary: Today is the day of Worship. Col. Smith has voiced his approval
of the Club styling. The frameworks are taking shape and a good idea of the rustic
appearance is apparent. Five planes took the air on practice and transition flights.
Captain Smith’s accordion dominated a jam session in the dispensary. Corporal Paul
Katz had the listeners dreaming of dances at home with his excellent violin playing.
More packages came in this evening. Many fellows were sporting freshly lighted cigars.

Katz, Paul F., Cpl, photographer Smith, Richard H., Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander

Smith, William C., Capt, surgeon

446th BS War Diary: A big mail call. Steak for supper. More work on the mess hall.

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: Morning report: Officers---79; Enlisted Men: 293. A mission
was scheduled for today, but cancelled due to bad weather. Today’s training consisted of
low level bombing practice.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Monday, 8 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, fighter-bombers
hit roads and railroads N of Rome, a supply dump N of Anzio beachhead, and the station
at Colleferro; numerous trucks and railroad cars are destroyed and many troops killed;
Attacks against rolling stock on the Rome-Orte rail line are especially effective; HQ 62nd
Troop Carrier Group and 4th, 7th and 8th Troop Carrier Squadrons move from Ponte Olivo,
Sicily to Gaudo Airfield (4th Troop Carrier Squadron is operating from bases in India);
and 524th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, 27th Fighter-Bomber Group, moves from Castel
Volturno to Santa Maria with P-40s.

445th BS War Diary: The mission was called off after crews stood by until 14:00 hours.
A notice has been posted warning of small arms inspection soon. Rocks have been
cleared in and about the E.M. Club. Promotion and demotion lists were published today
resulting in changed expressions of various personnel. Sgt. Worth L. Wagers returned
from a highly successful fishing trip into the mountains. He was sporting a batch of
small speckled trout.

Wagers, Worth L., Sgt, communications

446th BS War Diary: Another big mail today. Benches and tables for the mess hall
arrive and the mess hall is practically complete.

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: A mission was scheduled for today, but cancelled due to weather
conditions. Pvt. Harry B. Burns assigned to this squadron from 68th C.A. Today’s
ground training consisted of a class on bomb racks of the B-25-J for 20 bombardiers,
under the direction of Capt Whitton.

Burns, Harry B., Pvt, photographer Whitton, Walter H., Jr., Capt, armament

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Tuesday, 9 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, B-26s hit Incisa
in Valdarno railroad bridge and viaduct while A-20s attack fuel dumps; fighter-bombers
again blast roads and railroads and other targets at various locations N of Rome,
including Lake Bolsena, Civitavecchia, Colleferro, Civita Castellana, Orte and San
Giovanni Valdarno; HQ 87th Fighter Wing moves from Bastia to Vescovato, Corsica;
111th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, 68th Tactical Reconnaissance Group, attached to
XII Tactical Air Command, moves from Pomigliano to Santa Maria with F-6s; and 522nd
and 523rd Fighter-Bomber Squadrons, 27th Fighter-Bomber Group, moves from Castel
Volturno to Santa Maria with A-36s and P-40s.

445th BS War Diary: Bad flying weather continues to cause mission cancellations. The
445th Squadron Area was chosen for todays Group Formation. Highlighted by our former
Group Commander, General Bob Knapp, the scene was highly impressive. Old Glory
flew in the center of the formation on a tall flag pole based by a circle of white sand.
General Knapp presented the awards and decorations personally. General Cannon, 12th
Air Force Commander, is expected to make an inspection of the area tomorrow. 026 and
572, the new “J’s” were test hopped by Captain Wilson and Lt. Shynshka. A new crew
headed by Lt. Jeffery, pilot, arrived.

Cannon, John K., General, 12th AF Commander Jeffery, James C., Lt, pilot

Knapp, Robert D., Brigadier General, 57th BW Commander

Shynshka, Lubomier P., 2Lt, pilot Wilson, Charles B., Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: General Knapp makes presentation of awards to a number of
combat members at a ceremony in the 445th Squadron area.

Knapp, Robert D., Brigadier General, 57th BW Commander

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: A mission was scheduled for today, but cancelled due to bad
weather. A formation of all officers and enlisted men of the 321st Bomb Group took
place at the 445th squadron area. Brigadier General Robert D. Knapp, addressed the
Group and mad a number of presentations. Today’s training consisted of practice
formation flying.

Knapp, Robert D., Brigadier General, 57th BW Commander

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Wednesday, 10 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, weather permits
medium bomber operations for first time in several days; B-25s hit bridges near San
Giovanni Valdarno, Orvieto and Monte Molino, and the Terni viaduct; B-26s attack
bridges W of Arezzo; fighter-bombers continue attacks on roads and railroads N of
Rome; targets in the areas of Avezzano, Civitavecchia, Furbara, Terni, Todi, Orvieto,
Manciano, Perugia, Monte San Savino and LaSaezia, and near Rome are attacked. Units
moving from Cercola to Pignataro Maggiore, Italy with P-40s: 99th Fighter Squadron,
332nd Fighter Group, attached to 324th Fighter Group: 315th and 316th Fighter Squadrons,
324th Fighter Group.

445th BS War Diary: Bridge Destroyed! This was six miles N.W. of Orvieto, Italy.
The second mission was cancelled. Rods, oil and patches were in demand as gun
inspection came off today. Reports from small arms rang in the surrounding brush as rust
and dust vanished from the barrels. The Officers Club is slightly ahead of the E.M. Club
which now sports a roof and sides. After careful preparations were made and the area
was policed spic and span….General Cannon failed to put in an appearance. Another
new crew headed by Lt. Weld, pilot, arrived in the squadron.

Cannon, John K., General, 12th AF Commander Weld, Willis R., 2Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: We get to wear our gas masks for an hour in the afternoon as part
of a regular training program. One mission is flown.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 236

TARGET: Orvieto RR Bridge, Italy. DATE: 10 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb Demo. 446th Planes: 6

Capt. Cooper led the formation. Bombs concentrated in target area. Both approaches
appeared well hit with possible hits on bridge. Some bombs short and over. Flak was
heavy, intense and accurate at the target. Three men were injured by fragments.
Fourteen planes holed. Two ME-109s encountered by escort, one shot down.

Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 6 of our ships participated in a raid on Orvieto RR Bridge, with
Lt. Seavey leading our formation. Bombs were dropped in target area. Smoke prevented
accurate observation. Both approaches appeared well hit with possible hits on bridge,
some bombs short and some over. Plane 505, piloted by Lt. Button, was damaged to
quite an extent by heavy AA. The following officers and enlisted men have been
assigned to this squadron per order #74—57th Wing: 2nd Lts. Charles G. Wakeley, 3rd.
(P), Earl W. Hall (CP), Walter N. Vieser (B), Sgts. William T. Mabbutt (EG) and
Anthony J. Abbondanza (AG); 2nd Lts. Leroy C. Runyon (P), Guy M. Washburn (CP),
Irving L. Altman (B), S/Sgt. Alvin L. Simberg (RG), Sgt. George Mercea (EG), Sgt.
Frank J. Flowers (AG): 2nd Lts. William E Neiman (P), Eric A. Johnson (CP), Edward J.
Stanley (B), S/Sgt. Russell K. See (RG), Sgt. Millard C. Freeman (EG) and Sgt. Joseph
Veid (AG).

Abbondanza, Anthony J., Sgt, aerial gunner Altman, Irving L., 2Lt, bombardier

Wednesday, 10 May 1944 (continued)

Button, Ervine J., 2Lt, pilot Flowers, Frank J., Sgt, aerial gunner

Freeman, Millard C., Sgt, engineer-gunner Hall, Earl W., 2Lt, pilot

Johnson, Eric A., 2Lt, pilot Mabbutt, William T., Sgt, engineer-gunner

Mercea, George, Sgt, engineer-gunner Neiman, William E., 2Lt, pilot

Runyon, Leroy C., 2Lt, pilot Seavey, George D., Lt, pilot

See, Russell K., S/Sgt, radio-gunner Simberg, Alvin L., S/Sgt, radio-gunner

Stanley, Edward J, 2Lt, bombardier Veid, Joseph, Sgt, aerial gunner

Vieser, Walter N., 2Lt, bombardier Wakeley, Charles G., III, 2Lt, pilot

Washburn, Guy M., 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 230 (277). At 08:12 24 planes off to bomb Orvieto N
RR/B and dropped 173 x 500 bombs at 09:45 from 9,000 feet. All returned at 10:40.
Bombs were concentrated on target area. Smoke prevented accurate observations. Both
approaches well hit with possible hits on bridge. 2 ME-109’s engaged with Spits escort
after bombs away. 1 ME-109 shot down and one chute seen. 14 planes holed by heavy,
intense and accurate flak from target. Scattered cumulus clouds at the target.

Thursday, 11 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium
bombers, hampered by weather, attack Portoferraio, bridges near Orvieto and Ficulle,
tracks at Piombino, viaduct at Poggibonsi and bridges at Certaldo and Signa; fighter-
bombers hit Fondi, rail lines NE of Rome, Littoria Airfield, rail facilities in the Perugia
area, barge, harbor area, and factory in the Portoferraio area, and tracks near Castiglione
d'Orcia; other fighter-bombers attack numerous positions along the main front as the US
Fifth and British Eighth Armies begin an assault through the Gustav Line and the drive
toward Rome. 414th Night Fighter Squadron, 63rd Fighter Wing, based at Elmas,
Sardinia, sends a detachment to Alghero, Sardinia with Beaufighters; other detachments
are at Borgo and Ghisonaccia, Corsica.

445th BS War Diary: Lt. Shynshka lost his rear hatch shortly after taking off. A 446th
spare took Lt. Shynshka’s leading position and promptly led his flight through the center
of the flak. Our planes also participated in practice, transition, flights and compass
swinging. A plane came in from Sardinia bearing cement. The cement is to be used in
floor construction, G.I. can stand and walkway. Sand was procured from local beaches,
gravel from pits nearby. Sgt. Knight is taking charge of the cement laying. The 1st Sgt.,
John McNevin lashed out against those men failing to report for roll call in a meeting
held this evening.

Shynshka, Lubomier P., 2Lt, pilot McNevin, John L., Jr., S/Sgt, intelligence/1st Sergeant

446th BS War Diary: More mail comes in and with PX our morale soars.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 237

TARGET: Ficulle RR Bridge, Italy-Piombino Harbor (alt) DATE: 11 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 7

Lt. Stocking, 447th Sqdn. led the formation. Due to uncontrollable difficulties only 11
planes bombed, hitting for the most part N of the target, possibly cutting tracks and
hitting approach. Six planes bombed alternate, with hits observed S of Steel Works pier
and in towards oil tanks and M/Ys. Flak at the primary was heavy, scant to moderate,
fairly accurate. At the alternate flak was heavy, intense, accurate. No fighters. 10 planes
holed.

Stocking, Eugene E., Lt, pilot, 447 BS

447th BS War Diary: 6 of our ships participated in a raid on Ficulle RR Bridge (S),
with Lt. Stocking leading the Group and our squadron. Due to cloud coverage and
malfunction of leader of 2nd flight only 11 planes bombed and hit N of target, possibly
hitting tracks and approaches. Other bombs over and to SE. Other 6 planes of 447th
bombed dock area at Piombino with 100% of their bombs in target area.

Stocking, Eugene E., Lt, pilot

Thursday, 11 May 1944 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Mission 231 (278). At 09:07 25 planes off to bomb Ficulle
RR/B. 11 planes dropped 43 x 1000 at 10:30 on the primary target at 9,000 feet. 6
planes dropped 20 x 1000 on alternate at 11:05. 8 planes returned bombs to base. All
returned at 11:45. Because of cloud cover at primary bombs hit N of target possibly
cutting tracks and hitting approach. At alternate pattern started S of steel works pier and
walked towards oil tanks and M/Y. Heavy, scant and accurate flak from primary and
heavy, intense and accurate from alternate. Weather: 8/10th cover at primary and 1/10th
at alternate. Escort 12 Spits.

Friday, 12 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, A-20s blast
command posts along the main battlefront as Allied ground forces seek to break through
the Gustav Line; medium bombers hit a concentration near Fondi, attack forces at
Vallecorsa and Pastena and bomb numerous positions along the main front; fighter-
bombers pound command posts, guns, bridges, road and rail traffic and troops along the
assault front and in the rear areas, concentrating especially on the Monte Cassino
Benedictine Abbey and surrounding area.

445th BS War Diary: The Group set a record today, flying four missions. All were
fairly hot. Landing strips, road junctions and gun emplacements all took a beating.
Corporal Hewlett, known as “Pop” to all of us left for the U.S. today. He is the first man
in our squadron to benefit by the ground personnel rotation plan. An M.A.A.F. staff
photographer took pictures of today’s formation. The squadron should now reap some
just publicity. Lt. Cormier has pepped up the band with his lively trumpet. Private Esok,
who plays violin, saxophone, piano and trumpet is centering his talent upon the sax.
Screening has been prepared for the club porches. Enlisted Men signed the payroll today.
The big Cassino pus has begun.

Cormier, Emery O., 2Lt, pilot Esok, William C., Pvt, duty soldier

Hewlett, “Pop”, Cpl

446th BS War Diary: Five missions are flown, involving 30 of our planes. Orders to go
home come for Captain Springer, Lts. Bsharah, Walker, McCabe, Holt and EM’s Cohen,
H. McArdle, Ciach, Franc, Fiebelkorn and Thomas. Sergeant Tom Smart goes home on
rotation.

Bsharah, Phillip, 2Lt, pilot Ciach, Stanislaus, S/Sgt, gunner

Cohen, George, T/Sgt, radio-gunner Fiebelkorn, Earl C., S/Sgt, gunner

Franc, John A., Sgt, gunner Holt, Robert L., 2Lt, pilot

McArdle, Harry E., T/Sgt, gunner McCabe, Peter T., Lt, bombardier/navigator

Smart, Thomas A. “Tom”, Sgt, supply Springer, Luther B., Jr., Capt, navigator

Thomas, Patrick, S/Sgt, gunner Walker, Dale F., Lt, pilot

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 238

TARGET: “Berlin” Vallecorsa Road Block, Italy. DATE: 12 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. 446th Planes: 1

Capt. Neuman, 445th Sqdn. led the formation. Six planes in second flight dropped, the
leader observing hits on N and S edge of target area and others short. Three of these
planes dropped on a 330º axis, what is believed to be Proseddi, on S side of town and
across road. No flak, no fighters.

Neuman, Robert H., Capt, pilot, 445th BS

Friday, 12 May 1944 (continued)

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 239

TARGET: C.Ps, Pico, Italy. DATE: 12 May 1944

Type of Bombs: Frags. 446th Planes: 6

Lt. Sowder, 448th Sqdn. led the formation. Due to weather, bombs were not dropped.
Flak was heavy, intense and accurate from target area. One plane lost, 23 holed. Lt.
Othick salvoed bombs over water due to rough running engine. Lt. Sitts, his bombardier,
received a wound on the face from shattered glass.

Othick, Ronald R., 1Lt, pilot Sitts, Lonnie C., Lt, bombardier

Sowder, Tony K., 1Lt, pilot, 448th BS

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 240

TARGET: “Berlin” Vallecorsa Road Block, Italy. DATE: 12 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. 446th Planes: 9

Lt. Colonel Schwane led the formation. Circled and returned, due to bad weather. No
flak, no fighters.

Schwane, Harry H., Lt Col, pilot

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 241

TARGET: “Berlin” Road Block at Vallecorsa, Italy DATE: 12 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb Demo. 446th Planes: 6

Major Sampson, 447th Sqdn. led the formation. Hits scattered throughout town, with
greatest concentration on W side. Cloud cover made bombing and observation difficult.
Flak was heavy, scant to moderate, inaccurate. Seven planes holed. No fighters. Lt.
Hipson returned early because of a rough running engine.

Hipson, Robert G., 1Lt, pilot Sampson, Raymond D., Maj, pilot, 447th BS

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 242

TARGET: CP at Pico, Italy DATE: 12 May 1944

Type of Bombs: Frags. 446th Planes: 7

Capt. Neuman, 445th Sqdn. led the formation. Center of target area well hit, with some
bursts E and N of center. Flak was heavy, moderate and accurate. Eight planes holed.
Capt. Cooper landed at Capadochina A/D, Italy, to rush S/Sgt Foley, gunner, to hospital,
having received a flak wound. Lt. Lewis and Lt. Fitzgerald landed their planes with
Capt. Cooper. Lt Lewis was forced to remain overnight, engine trouble

Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot Fitzgerald, John (NMI) “Jack”, 2Lt, pilot

Foley, Joseph M., S/Sgt, gunner Lewis, Vernon, 2Lt, pilot

Neuman, Robert H., Capt, pilot, 445th BS

447th BS War Diary: Four missions for today. On the first mission nine of our ships
participated in a raid on Vallecorsa Road Block, with Lt. Stocking leading our flight.
Two of our ships did not drop their bombs due to coverage. Hits seen on N and S edge of
target area and others short. On the second mission, six of our ships participated in a raid
on Pico, with Lt. Wiginton leading our flight. Due to weather conditions all planes
returned without dropping bombs. Lt. Wiginton salvoed bombs when engine was shot

Friday, 12 May 1944 (continued)

out. All planes were holed by flak. Seven of our ships participated on the third mission
for the day, in a raid on Vallecorsa Road Block. Hits seen through town, but most bombs
on W side with others observed through center and on N end, some short of target.
Clouds made observation difficult. Major Sampson led the Group with our squadron. On
the fourth mission, six of ships participated in a raid on CP at Pico, with Lt. Stocking
leading flight. Center of target well hit with bursts to E and W of center. String crossed
road E of town. All bombs N of Pico. The following officers and enlisted men were
assigned to this squadron per orders from 57th Wing, S.O. #76: 2nd Lts. Hubert P. J.
Jensen (P), Stanley J. Wiechert (CP), James N. Watson (B), S/Sgt. Francis B. Torrey
(RG), Sgt. James R. O’Neil (EG), and Sgt. Paul B. Connolly (AG). A meeting was
conducted by Colonel Smith with 40 pilots, 22 bombardiers and 5 navigators present.

Jensen, Hubert P. J., 2Lt, pilot O’Neil, James R., Sgt, engineer-gunner

Connolly, Paul B., Sgt, aerial gunner Sampson, Raymond D., Maj, pilot

Smith, Richard H., Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander

Stocking, Eugene E., Lt, pilot Torrey, Francis B., S/Sgt, radio-gunner

Watson, James N., 2Lt, bombardier Wiechert, Stanley J., 2Lt, pilot

Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 232 (279). At 15:40 hours 27 planes off to bomb
Vallecorsa, 1 returned early and the rest dropped 154 x 500 bombs at 17:00 from 10,500
feet. All returned at 18:20. Hits scattered thru town with greatest concentration on W
side, others thru center and N end. Clouds made observation of bombing difficult.
Heavy, scant inaccurate flak at target, also some from Terracina, also S of Fondi and
vicinity of Castro-di Volaci. 7 planes holed. One large fire seen at San Felice. 5/10th
cover of clouds at target. Escort area cover.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 233 (280). At 15:55 26 planes off to bomb C/P of Pico
and dropped 2688 x frags at 17:15 from 10,000 feet. All down at 18:40. Center of target
well hit and some bursts to E and W of center of target area. One string across road E of
town. All bombs N of Pico. Heavy, moderate flak from Fondi and heavy moderate
accurate flak from Pico. 8 planes holed. Weather: Hazy at target. Escort area cover.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 234 (281). At 06:40 18 ships off to bomb Vallecorsa.
Target was weather obscured. 3 planes dropped 24 x 500 bombs on target area at 08:00.
3 planes dropped same on Proseddi. 12 planes returned bombs to base. Bombs dropped
on Vallecorsa hit on N and S edge of target area. Bombs on Proseddi fell on S side of
town and across town. Weather: 8/10th cover at target. No flak. Escort are cover.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 235 (282). At 07:00 19 planes off to bomb Vallecorsa.
On reaching Italian Coast weather caused formation to return to base. Time down 09:32.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 236 (283). At 16:55 25 planes off to bomb C/P near Pico.
Found target cloud obscured and returned bombs to base. Time down 09:59. Heavy
intense and accurate flak from target area and from Ceprano, Isoletta and Pastena. 23

Friday, 12 May 1944 (continued)

planes holed. 1 plane hit by flak forced to ditch at 9º 25’ E and 41º 23’ N, crew seen out
of ship dinghy and radio dropped. Series of explosions observed on one of the Canino
A/D or one SW of Tarquinia. Weather 4/10th cover.

A/C No. unknown

Swanson, Earl G., Jr., 2Lt

Connor, John C., Jr., 2Lt

None

Quartuccio, Anthony P., 2Lt

Carter, Eugene F., Sgt

Or Carter, Hugh A., Sgt

Denney, Joseph C., Sgt

Bishop, William (NMI), Sgt

Edwards, Jessie R., Sgt

448th BS War Diary: Special Accounts: On May 12th while on a mission over a
command post at Pico, Italy, Lieutenants’ Swanson’s plane was hit by flak over the target
before dropping his bombs. A direct hit was scored in the right wing and on the right
engine. As his hydraulic lines were severed, his wheels dropped and his bomb-bay doors
remained open. He left the formation in order to salvo his bombs but succeeded in
releasing only six of them. Meanwhile gasoline from a severed gas line sprayed into the
plane. After leaving the Italian Coast he found it necessary to feather one engine. The
plane was rapidly losing altitude and the crew lightened the shop by throwing over-board
all moveable equipment. Due to the gasoline leak the plane’s right engine began to
sputter and finally died. Realizing that he could not make the home base Lieutenant
Swanson decided to ditch his plane about 12 miles off the coast of Corsica. He made an
expert landing in the sea and during the two and one half minutes that the plane remained
afloat all crew members succeeded in escaping into the life rafts. Several minor injuries
were incurred in the landing. Members of Lieutenants Swanson’s crew were: Lt.
Connor, Co-Pilot, Lt. Quartuccio, Sgt. Carter, Engineer, Sgt. Bishop, gunner, Sgt.
Denney, Radio Gunner and Sgt. Edwards, Photographer.

Bishop, William (NMI), Sgt, gunner Connor, John C., Jr., 2Lt, pilot

Denney, Joseph C., Sgt, radio-gunner Edwards, Jessie R., Sgt, gunner, photographer

Quartuccio, Anthony P., 2Lt, bombardier Swanson, Earl G., Jr., 2Lt, pilot

Carter, Eugene F., Sgt, engineer-gunner or Carter, Hugh A., Sgt, engineer-gunner

After rescue by ASR the crew was taken to Bastia aboard a PT boat and spent the
next 24 hours in a hospital. The next day they returned to their home base.

Saturday, 13 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium, light
and fighter-bombers continue to attack lines of communications but devote the main
effort to support of the Allied ground forces push against the Gustav Line (French
Expeditionary Force with US Fifth Army gains a spectacular breakthrough by a fierce
assault); A-20s hit a command post; B-26s damage Cortona, Certaldo, Signa and
Montepescali bridges; B-25s blast towns in the rear of the battleline with good results at
Pastena, Pico, Vallecorsa and Itri; and fighter-bombers carry out armed reconnaissance
and scheduled attacks against communications, road and rail traffic and gun positions
along the immediate battleline and in areas around Esperia, Pico, Sant' Oliva, Pignataro
Interamna, Arce, Fondi, Perugia, Todi, Spoleto, Terni, Orvieto, Chiusi, Rieti and N of
Rome.

445th BS War Diary: Early this morning the 340th Bomb Group was bombed by
German aircraft. The effect upon our squadron, through the seriousness, had an aspect of
humor. For the first time overseas, Officers and E.M. griped about the shortage of picks
and shovels. The Engineering and Armament Sections have been directed to move their
tents from the line to the area as a precautionary measure. The 445th silver colored planes
are being covered with camouflage nets and are being dispersed as much as possible.
Captain Victor Wilson is now Ass’t Operations Officer.

Wilson, Victor H., Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: We are awakened by a 4 A.M. air alert and see many fireworks
north of our base.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 243

TARGET: “Hitler Town”, Italy. DATE: 13 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. 446th Planes: 9

Lt. Morris led the formation. Entire N section of town, including road systems and
junctions well covered. Flak was heavy, scattered, inaccurate. One plane holed. Six
ME-109s sighted at breakaway from target. No attack.

Morris, Meade L., Jr., Lt, pilot

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 244

TARGET: Tunnel at Itri, Italy. DATE: 13 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 7

Lt. Sowder, 448th Sqdn. led the formation. First box of six, second flight did not drop.
Other bombs hit SE of tunnel, tracks and road junction, NW of tunnel across tracks and
the mouth of the tunnel. Flak was heavy, scant to moderate, inaccurate. Three planes
holed, Capt. Cooper crash-landed at home base, due to hydraulic system being shout out.

Sowder, Tony K., 1Lt, pilot, 448th BS

Saturday, 13 May 1944 (continued)

447th BS War Diary: Two missions scheduled for today. On the first mission for the
day, six of our ships participated in a raid on “Hitler North” Itri Tunnel. Bombs appeared
to hit SE of tunnel, crossing tracks on rail junction, also NW of target, hits on road and
tracks with several on mouth of tunnel. Lt. Wiginton was our squadron flight leader.
The second mission, with 8 of our ships participating raided “Berlin” Vallecorsa, with
Capt. Olson leading our squadron and the group. Most bombs were in the target area,
especially on W side of town. Capt. Olsen in plane #695, with Major Sampson as co-
pilot, and Lt. Dean in plane #498 landed in Naples after the mission. Lt. Dean escorted
Capt. Olson’s plane ship which had right engine shot out. The plane was belly landed
after going around twice because they were unable to get the flaps down, and completely
wrecked but no one was injured. Cpl. Willard J. Stevens relieved of assignment and
transferred to Personnel Center No. 6 for transshipment to the U.S. Morning Report:
Officers---91; Enlisted Men---303.

Dean, Harvey A., Lt, pilot or Dean, Ivan E., Lt, pilot

Olson, Robert C., Capt, pilot Sampson, Raymond D., Maj, pilot

Stevens, Willard J., Cpl, communications Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 237 (284). At 16:15 25 planes off to bomb tunnel mouth
at Itri and dropped 104 x 500 bombs at 17:35 from 10,000 feet. All returned at 18:45.
Several direct hits on mouth of tunnel. Pattern across tracks and R/J SE of tunnel and
also across track NW of target. Heavy scant inaccurate flak from target. 3 planes holed.
One plane crash landed at base crew all safe. Weather: CAVU at target. Escort area
cover.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 238 (285). At 15:45 19 planes off to bomb Itri and
dropped 149 x 500 bombs at 17:01 from 10,000 feet. All returned at 18:30. Entire N
section of town reported well covered. 6 Me-109’s under formation at break-away did
not attack. Heavy, scant, inaccurate flak from target. Weather CAVU. Escort area
cover.

Sunday, 14 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, support for the
Allied ground assault into the Gustav Line continues as aircraft hit at lines of
communications N and NW of Rome and blast targets in the immediate battle area;
medium bombers claim hits on bridges, bridge approaches, and viaducts at Chiani,
Marsciano, Monte Molino. Castiglione d'Orcia, San Giovanni Valdarno, Poggibonsi,
Tabianello and Arezzo; A-20s pound command posts in the battle area; fighter-bombers
hit stations, tracks, roads, town areas, bridges, gun positions and targets of opportunity in
the immediate battle area and in or near Esperia, Terni, Narni, Itri, Terracina, Perugia,
Chiusi, Orvieto, San Giovanni Valdarno, Maranola and other locations N of Rome.

445th BS War Diary: Numerous changes have been made in Administration. Captain
Neumann our Operations Officer has become Group Ass’s Operations Officer….Captain
Gaffney, our Executive Officer is now Group Executive Officer….Lt. Gregory, our
Adjutant, has been appointed the Group Adjutant….Captain Wilson now heads squadron
Operations with Captain Strenger as his assistant…Captain Lord is squadron Executive
Officer. Rations were distributed and talk in the area concerned possible changes in
administration policy. Ingenious foxholes and slit trenches have appeared from nowhere.
Some sport twigs, branches and boarding, some tin covering while others closely
resemble the I.R.T. and B.M.T. Subway entrances in New York City.

Gaffney, Charles H., Cap, Executive Officer Gregory, Samuel J., 1Lt, Adjutant

Lord, Robert O., Jr., Capt, Engineering Officer, Executive Officer

Neumann, Robert H., Capt, pilot, Operations Officer Strenger, Marshall C., Capt, pilot

Wilson, Charles B., Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Mail call. Privates Giffin, Law and Jarvinen make PFC.
Sergeants Forsyth, Raffloer and Schooler leave for home.

Giffin, Alva H., PFC, armament Forsyth, Arthur C., Sgt, armament

Jarvinen, Wilho, PFC, armament Raffloer, Louis A., Jr., S/Sgt, gunner

Schooler, Wayne L., Sgt, engineering

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 245

TARGET: Castiglione Del Lago RR Bridge, Italy. DATE: 14 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. Demo 446th Planes: 10

Capt. Cooper led the formation. Concentration of bursts in target area. Several bombs
short among buildings causing small explosions. Some hits NW of town. No flak or
fighters.

Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 9 of our ships participated in a raid on Castiglione Florentine RR
Bridge with Lt. Banks leading the Group with our squadron. The entire third element
failed to attack as they did not see the target in time. Two ships dropped bombs on
ammunition dump. 12 ships dropped in target area with most of bombs dropping to SW
cutting tracks in two places. One string may have bee over bridge. Today we flew our

Sunday, 14 May 1944 (continued)

12,000th sortie. Cpl Louis P. Rotfort was transferred from this squadron to Personnel
Center No. 6 for transshipment to the U.S.

Rotfort, Louis P., Cpl, operations

448th BS War Diary: Mission 239 (287). At 15:22 20 planes off to bomb Castiglione
Del Lago RR/B and dropped 78 x 1000 bombs at 16:55 from 10,000 feet. All returned at
18:05. Concentration of bursts in target area. Probably hits on bridge. Several bombs
fell W among buildings causing several explosions. No flak. Weather: Slight haze.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 240. Unsuccessful sub search.

Monday, 15 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium and
light bombers again hit communications lines N and NW of the front while fighter-
bombers in close support of the Allied ground assault through the Gustav Line blast gun
positions, motor transport, ammunition supplies, bridges, rolling stock and other military
targets in the battle area; medium and light bombers also hit harbors and vessels along
coasts at Piombino, Talamone, Portoferraio and Ancona.

445th BS War Diary: Harbor and installations were blasted in today’s mission. An
injured man was brought to the squadron dispensary for treatment but their fine efforts
were not enough to pull him through. Operations is expecting a call to support ground
troops in Italy. Captain Strenger who has completed 58 combat missions became the first
flying officer to be appointed as engineering officer. It is believed that relations between
the line mechanics and crew chiefs and the combat personnel will be improved by
Captain Strenger. Sgt. Cormier, who has cooked so well for the squadron and Sgt
Hogarty who has kept our much used energizers in good repair left for the States on the
Ground Personnel Rotation plan. A plane was dispatched to Italy to locate musical
instruments to augment the band. A deep pit has been dug and filled with rocks to catch
drain water at the E.M. Club mess kit was stand.

Cormier, Henry L., Sgt, gunner Hogarty, Thomas W., Jr., Sgt, transportation

Strenger, Marshall C., Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: The squadron loses Lt. George Walsh, Lt. Harry B. Wilcox, Lt.
Roy W. Lee, Technical Sergeant James Orechia, Staff Sgt. E.P. Thornton and Staff Sgt.
Lawrence Shellhamer in a crash landing at our field. A crash landing was made and the
plane burned upon striking the ground with all members of the crew killed. Another of
our ships had to be landed in the water and the crew was rescued by Air Sea Rescue
patrols. A third ship was forced down at Pianosa Island held by the enemy and the
following men are presumed to be Prisoners of War: Lts. Othick, Mayfield, Griffin and
EM Youngblood, Cobb and Miller. Sergeant Napoliello, on the sea crash plane, had to
make his second parachute jump and both leaps were on the same day of the same month.
He made a jump on May 15th of 1943 in Mississippi.

Cobb, Alvie J., Sgt, gunner Griffin, Patrick A., 2Lt, bombardier

Lee, Roy N., 2Lt, pilot Mayfield, Estel A., 2Lt, pilot

Miller, Edward J., Sgt, gunner Napoliello, Felix, Sgt, gunner

Orechia, James R., T/Sgt, radio-gunner Othick, Ronald R., 1Lt, pilot

Shellhamer, Lawrence, S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Thornton, Edward P., S/Sgt, gunner

Walsh, George F., Lt, pilot Wilcox, Harry B., Jr., 2Lt, bombardier

Youngblood, Woodrow W., S/Sgt, radio-gunner

Monday, 15 May 1944 (continued)

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 246

TARGET: Porto Ferraio, Elba. (Alt) DATE: 15 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 1

Lt. Wiginton, 447th Sqdn. led the formation. Largest concentration of bombs just E of
steelworks, among blast furnaces and on docks in town port. Two reports of one M/V
and two barges hit. Flak was heavy, moderate to intense and accurate. Seven planes
holed. No fighters. The primary target, Orvieto Station RR Bridge, was cloud covered.

Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot, 447th BS

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 247

TARGET: Orvieto Station RR Bridge DATE: 15 May 1944

Porto Ferraio, Elba (Alt)

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 8

Lt. Morris and Lt. Moss led the formation. The first flight reported direct his on the
center and both approaches of the bridge. At the alternate, the second flight reported
direct hits in the commercial harbor area and on two boats. Flak was heavy, intense and

accurate. Lt. Othick’s plane was badly hit over the target and was reported to have made
a successful crash-landing on the Island of Pianosa. It is assumed that the crew members
were taken prisoners by the enemy. Lt. Sampson’s plane also suffered direct hits from
flak and the entire crew wounded by fragments. Heading for the open sea, Lt. Sampson
gave the order to bail out, he being the last to leave, after which the plane exploded in
mid-air. Air-Sea Rescue were able to pick up all the men. Lt. Walsh crash-landed at the
home base, upon hitting the runway, the plane exploded and burned, due to the fact that it
was saturated with gasoline from leaking fuel lines. Lt. Walsh was thrown clear of the
plane, but died in the hospital from burns received. The other crew members could not
be rescued, and all perished in the burning bomber. After an emergency landing Lt.
Hodges’ emergency brakes failed while taxiing and the plane crashed into a ditch,
collapsing the landing gear. Lt. Vivas returned early with an oil leak in the right engine.

Hodges, Richard E., 2Lt, pilot Morris, Meade L., Jr., Lt, pilot

Moss, Lt, pilot (Robert P., 381st ?) Sampson, Allan T., 1Lt, pilot

Vivas, Frank Paul, 1Lt, pilot

A/C No. unknown crash landing

A/C No. unknown shot down

Walsh, George F., 1Lt

Othick, Ronald R., 1Lt

Lee, Roy N., 2Lt

Mayfield, Estel A., 2Lt

None

Wilcox, Harry B., Jr., 2Lt

Griffin, Patrick A., 2Lt

Shellhamer, Lawrence, S/Sgt

Cobb, Alvie J., Sgt

Orechia, James R., T/Sgt

Youngblood, Woodrow W., S/Sgt

Thornton, Edward P., S/Sgt

Miller, Edward J., Sgt

None

Monday, 15 May 1944 (continued)

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 248

TARGET: Nickeling Mission, Velletri, Italy. DATE: 15 May 1944

Type of Bombs: Leaflets 446th Planes: 2

Leaflets were successfully dropped. Flak was light, medium, intense from A/D ten miles
SW of Rome.

447th BS War Diary: 9 of our ships participated in a raid on Orvieto RR Bridge with
Porto Ferraio as the alternate target. The primary target was covered with clouds,
therefore the alternate target was bombed. Large concentration E of steel works among

blast furnaces and on docks in port. One M/V and two barges reported hit. Lt. Wiginton
lead the Group with our squadron. Lt. Olsen did a marvelous job of navigating a course
over a 10/10 overcast hitting the IP on the money. Two of our ships participated in a
successful nickeling mission on Velletri, Fondi, and Porto Carvo. 1st Lt. Claude F. Jones
was wounded in action while participating in the raid on Porto Ferraio. He was taken to
the 15th Field Hospital.

Jones, Claude F., 1Lt, bombardier Olson, Svend P., 1Lt, navigator

Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 241 (290). At 08:40 10 planes off to bomb Orvieto S
RR/bridge. 10 planes dropped 40 x 1000 bombs on primary target at 10:40 from 10,000
feet. 9 planes dropped on alternate of Porto Ferraio 32 x 1000 bombs from 10,000 feet.
Time down 10:30 and 11:50. Good concentration of bombs on primary target with
possible hits on bridge. On alternate, most bombs fell in water, some in the town.
Heavy, intense, accurate flak at alternate. One plane hit by flak at alternate target, crew
bailed out and were picked up by Air Sea Rescue. One plane crash landed on Pianosa
Island. One plane crash landed at base, caught fire, exploded; crew lost. One plane
crashed landed at base, crew safe. All the above planes were 446 Squadron. Two M/V’s
in Porto Ferraio Harbor and many scattered barges. Weather: 9/10th cover at primary.
Escort 12 Spits.

Tuesday, 16 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
attack railroad bridges and a tunnel in C Italy; light bombers blast guns in Roccasecca
while fighter-bombers and fighters just behind enemy lines seek out motor transport
targets, crater roads and hit bridges, harassing the already strained communications
network, while US Fifth Army troops push rapidly W and NW and British Eighth Army
forces push through the last defenses of the Gustav Line in an effort to isolate Cassino, a
joint effort by British 13 Corps and Polish 2 Corps.

445th BS War Diary: Excellent results were reported as 445th bombs hit the S.E.
approach to the Foligno R.R. Bridge. The bridge was completely demolished. Lt. Lee F.
Hutchingson, formerly with the 447th Bomb Sqdn. became our Sqdn. Adjutant. The
plane from Sicily returned successfully. An Italian type trumpet which uses pedals
instead of push valves and a mysterious looking tuba were purchased. Sgt. Hannah who
doubles on the accordion, is using the trumpet and Lt. Napple is dwarfed as he sits behind
and around the tuba. A blow torch is being used to give a burnished effect on the tables,
benches and bars of both clubs. The wood graining show up well. The ball team was
whipped 3-2 by the colored eng’s. Greer Carson packed the house at the evening movie
as she portrayed “Madam Curis”.

Huchingson, Lee F., Lt, Adjutant Hannah, James P., Sgt, engineering

Napple, Francis L., 2Lt, navigator

446th BS War Diary: A mission is flown today.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 249

TARGET: Foligno RR Bridge, Italy DATE: 16 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 6

Capt. Cooper led the formation. First flight hit center of town and across tracks E of
town. Second flight hit both approaches and possible hits on bridge itself. No flak, no
fighters.

Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 6 of our ships participated in a raid on Foligno RR Bridge, with
Lt. Speer leading our squadron. First flight hit center of town and across tracks E of
town. 2nd flight hit both approaches with possible hits on bridge itself. Today’s training
consisted of an XC flight to Cairo by Capt. Bounds, practice bombing mission and a
window mission. 2nd Lt. Robert T. Cunningham has been assigned to this squadron per
S.O. 78, 57th Wing. Sgt. George A Volosky and Cpl David J. Dubin, radio-mechanics,
were assigned to this squadron from Center 7B, S.O. #78. T/Sgt. Arthur R. Hasler has
been relieved of assignment to this squadron for transshipment to the United States.
T/Sgt. Hasler returns to the U.S. per special order from the War Department, so that he
may attend his father’s 100th birthday. Lt. J.L. Beal has been appointed squadron
adjutant, replacing Lt. Lee F. Huchingson who was transferred to the 445th squadron in
the same capacity.

Beal, Joseph L., Lt, Adjutant Bounds, Thomas C., Capt, pilot

Tuesday, 16 May 1944 (continued)

Cunningham, Robert T., 2Lt, pilot Dubin, David J., Cpl, communications

Hasler, Arthur R., T/Sgt, engineering Huchingson, Lee F., Lt, Adjutant

Speer, Leslie T., Lt, pilot Volosky, George A., Sgt, communications

448th BS War Diary: Mission 242 (292). At 12:55 27 planes off to bomb Foligno
RR/bridge and dropped 98 x 1000 bombs from 10,000 feet. Observers report good
concentration of bombs across bridge with hits on both approaches. Other strings hit
center of town. No flak. Weather: 7/10th broken Cumulus. Escort 12 Spits.

Wednesday, 17 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, operations
continue in support of the Allied ground assault; B-26s bomb road bridges in the
immediate battle area with generally fair results; roads are blocked in Frosinone; B-25s
bomb the landing ground at Viterbo while A-20s bomb a command post near
Valmontone and drop supplies to French troops on Monte Revole; fighter-bombers hit
railroads, bridges, trucks, and gun positions behind and along the battle front with good
results, destroying or severely damaging 6 bridges, creating road blocks in the towns of
Vallecorsa and Pico, blasting gun emplacements at Cassino and hitting numerous targets
of opportunity.

445th BS War Diary: A B-24 Liberator flew over the Solenzara area and dropped six
parachutists. It was evidently in trouble. One man landed 400 yards away and was
treated by Captain Smith for a broken leg. Mission was to Viterbo and the field was well
covered. We now have a majority of new B-25-J’s. Orders to go home arrived for Lt.
Wetherbee. The show was to be “Holy Matrimony” but the film turned out to be even
more holey so the picture was cancelled.

Smith, William C., Capt, surgeon Wetherbee, Dan A., Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Lt. R. H. Hughes gets orders to go home.

Hughes, Robert H., Lt, pilot

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 250

TARGET: Viterbo Satellite #2, Italy. DATE: 17 May 1944

Type of Bombs: Frags. 446th Planes: 11

Capt. Bounds, 447th Sqdn. led the formation. Target well covered, with bombs starting E
of road and crossing over to SW and W of L/G. Three fires observed. No flak, no
fighters. Lt. Vivas returned early because of oil leak.

Bounds, Thomas C., Capt, pilot, 447th BS Vivas, Frank Paul, 1Lt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 11 of our ships participated in a raid on Viterbo satellite #2, with
Capt. Bounds leading the Group. The target was very well covered with bombs starting
E of the road and crossing over to SW of L/G. Three fires were observed. The following
officers and enlisted men have been assigned to this squadron per S.O. #79, 57th Wing:
2nd Lts. Grover O. Brown (P), Robert W. Mulholland (CP), Harold Spilko (B), Sgt.
Robert R. Plutchak (EG), S/Sgt. Leo J. Martin (RG), and Sgt. Jack Bowman (AG). Sgt.
Robert W Bean has been reduced to grade of Pvt. The following officers and enlisted
men have been relieved of assignment for transshipment to the U.S.: Capt. Harry A.
Fraser, Jr., Capt. Henry W. Stephenson, 1st Lt. James C. Davidson, 1st Lt. Donald P.
McCormick, 1st Lt. Everett D. Langston, S/Sgt. Matthew S. Tudor and S/Sgt. Wesley B.
Mayhew, Jr.

Bean, Robert W., Pvt, gunner Bounds, Thomas C., Capt, pilot

Bowman, Jack, Sgt, aerial gunner Brown, Grover O., 2Lt, pilot

Davidson, James C., 1Lt. pilot Fraser, Harry A., Jr., Capt, pilot

Langston, Everett D., 1Lt, pilot Martin, Leo J., S/Sgt, radio-gunner

Wednesday, 17 May 1944 (continued)

Mayhew, Wesley B., Jr., S/Sgt, gunner McCormick, Donald P, 1Lt, bombardier

Mulholland, Robert W., 2Lt, pilot Plutchak, Robert R., Sgt, engineer-gunner

Spilko, Harold, 2Lt, bombardier Stephenson, Henry W., Capt, pilot

Tudor, Matthew S., S/Sgt, engineer-gunner

448th BS War Diary: Mission 243 (293). At 16:50 39 planes off to bomb Viterbo # 2
A/D SE dispersal area, two returned early and the rest dropped 5058 frags at 18:10 from
9,000 feet. All returned at 19:15. No flak. Very good coverage of target observed, 3
fires seen and bombs started E of road and crossed to W and SW of L/G. 12 planes on N
side of Viterbo A/D. Weather: Hazy. Escort 12 Spits.

Thursday, 18 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
continue to hit rail bridges, bombing farther into the N of Italy and thus putting more
pressure on the strained German communications system; light bombers hit storage areas;
fighter-bombers continue close support to Allied ground forces, hitting town areas, roads,
enemy positions, railroads and numerous other targets in the battle area, including points
in or around Pico, Pontecorvo. Fondi, Terracina, Ceccano, Pastena, San Giovanni
Valdarno, Perugia, Terni, Spoleto, Sant' Elpidio a Mare, Pedaso and N of Rome, as the
British Eighth Army completes the reduction of the Gustav Line in the Liri River Valley
with the capture of Cassino, while the US Fifth Army takes Formia.

445th BS War Diary: We sent just three spares today on the mission. Sgt. Davis and
Cpl. Westbrook returned to the Squadron. They had made their way to Casablanca to
return to the States for Cadet Training, when their orders were changed. Pals are now
consoling the two. Another new crew arrived with Lt. Rehrig as pilot. Lt. Smith who
was on D.S. in Telergma dropped in for a couple hours visit. The band gave a fine
performance in the dispensary this evening. Sgt Graf has been doing a good job in
recruiting help for the E.M. club and Lt Anderson and Captain Underwood are gaining a
reputation due to their prowess with the saw.

Anderson, Charles, Lt, bombardier or Anderson, Melvin A., Lt, bombardier

Graf, Edward R. “Gene”, M/Sgt, communications Rehrig, Earl E., 2Lt, pilot

Underwood, James H., Capt, bombardier Smith, Alfred B., 2Lt, pilot

Westbrooke, Vada L., Sgt, engineering

Davis, George W., Sgt, engineering or Davis, Morton A., Sgt, gunner or Davis, Olin J.,
Sgt, gunner

446th BS War Diary: Usual duties about the area. Improvements are made in the tent
area.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 251

TARGET: Aulla S Bridge, Italy. DATE: 18 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. 446th Planes: 12

Capt. Cooper led the formation. Largest concentration of bombs observed just to S of
bridge on S approach and just S of center of bridge, which was probably destroyed. No
flak, no fighters.

Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 11 of our ships participated in a raid on Aulla N and S RR and
Road Bridge, with Lt. Stocking leading the flight. The entire first element returned with
bombs due to cloud coverage. S Bridge: Largest number of bombs fell just to S of
bridge on S approach and S of center of bridge, which is believed to have been previously
destroyed. Some bombs on N approach. N RR Bridge: A/C bombed through clouds
after seeing target from distance. Bombs hit S and E of bridge and may have cut tracks.
The last three planes bombed N target. The following officers and enlisted men have

Thursday, 18 May 1944 (continued)

been assigned to this squadron per orders from 57th Wing: 2nd Lts. William H. Wingrove
(P), Edwin E. Wallace (CP), Meyer G. Melamed (B), Samuel A. Monger Jr., (P), Richard

J. Woods (CP), William D. Wiley (B), Sgts. Herbert Dimondstein (EG), Bernard R. Guild
(AG), Ernest E. Byrn (EG), George D. Merrill (AG), S/Sgts. Andrew Pelak (RG), and
Robert S. Balling (RG). Today’s training consisted of local formation, slow time and
local transition.

Balling, Robert S., S/Sgt, radio-gunner Byrn, Ernest E., Sgt, engineer-gunner

Dimondstein, Herbert, Sgt, engineer-gunner Guild, Bernard R., Sgt, aerial gunner

Monger, Samuel A., Jr., pilot Melamed, Meyer G., 2Lt, bombardier

Merrill, George, D., Sgt, Aerial gunner Pelak, Andrew, S/Sgt, radio-gunner

Wallace, Edwin E., 2Lt, pilot Wiley, William D., 2Lt, bombardier

Wingrove, William H., 2Lt, pilot Woods, Richard J., 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 244 (294). At 09:55 18 planes off to bomb Aulla
RR/bridge and 11 planes dropped 44 x 1000 bombs at 11:25 from 10,000 feet. 7 planes
did not drop because of overcast. Bombs were dropped thru overcast after observing
target from distance, results not observed. Weather: 7/10th cover at target. No flak.
Escort 6 Spits.

Friday, 19 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
hit railroad bridges in NC Italy while light bombers bomb an ammunition dump; fighter-
bombers continue support to Allied forces advancing rapidly N and W, blasting the road
network in the battle area and hitting motor transport, bridges, town areas, and targets of
opportunity, in areas around San Giovanni Valdarno, Pastena, Vallecorsa, Terracina,
Fondi, Pistoia and elsewhere.

445th BS War Diary: The largest concentration of bombs fell in the center of the east
Viaduct-Borge San Lorenzo in today’s successful mission. Four 50 gallon drums were
mounted with 50 caliber machine guns and placed in and about the area for defense
purposes. A comical dig aimed at certain pilots of this organization appeared in the form
of a sign on one drum and gun stating, “Buzzing will not be tolerated”. Though the final
construction is not yet complete, the Officers moved their mess into the club. The beef
for supper was quite tender.

446th BS War Diary: Mail call and dispersal of tents takes most of the free time today.
A large space is cleared toward the west to allow us to set tents further apart. Sergeant
Collier, who had been overseas for two years, gets his home orders.

Collier, Jay W., Sgt, engineering

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 252

TARGET: Road Bridge, Borgo San Lorenzo, Italy. DATE: 19 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 Lb. 446th Planes: 12

Excellent coverage of target reported. Capt. Wilson was the formation leader. The
bridge was reported to have been totally destroyed. Flak was heavy, light, scant
inaccurate. No fighters. Lt. Smith had to feather the right prop while taking off, and
landed shortly after on single engine.

Wilson, Victor H., Capt, pilot, 445th BS Smith, Randell L., 2Lt, pilot, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 12 of our ships participated in a raid on West Viaduct, Borge S.
Lorenzo, with Lt. Murray leading our flight. Excellent coverage of target area was
reported with many strings right on center and two reports of seeing bridge disintegrate.
South bridge received direct hits. Few bombs in town. Today’s training consisted of
local formation.

Murray, Richard E., Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 245 (295). At 09:30 24 planes off to bomb Borgo San
Lorenzo Viaduct and dropped 90 x 1000 bombs at 11:11 from 10,500 feet, all returned at
12:40. Only light flak, no planes holed. Direct hits on viaduct and strings across E end,
W end and across middle. Weather: Slight haze over target. Escort 6 Spits.

Saturday, 20 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, weather prevents
operations by medium and light bombers; fighter-bombers continue to hit
communications and gun positions in the battle area; areas in and around Vallecorsa and
Terracina are hit especially hard; fighters maintain patrols and reconnaissance, destroying
or damaging numerous vehicles between Pisa and Pistoia.

445th BS War Diary: The E.M. Club also incomplete, now houses the mess for the men.
Meals were served there for the first time today. Forms have layed for the cement in the
E.M. Club floor. Sgt. Cheosky, formerly a mechanic on the tine went home after flying
50 missions. A cement mixer has been borrowed from a nearby Engineering outfit and
the enlisted men are busily puttering around it in preparation for use tomorrow.

Cheosky, Alexander A., Sgt, gunner

446th BS War Diary: Dispersal of tents is completed today. Work on the new mess
hall in the middle of the area progresses nicely. A slight rain in the afternoon.

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: A mission was scheduled but cancelled due to weather
conditions. Plane #694 and #505 were replaced by B25J’s #718 and 779.

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Sunday, 21 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In NC Italy, medium
bombers are restricted by bad weather but bomb a few bridges and roads, while light
bombers hit a bivouac area; fighter-bombers continue support of ground forces, hitting
troops, vehicles, roads and railroads in or near the battle areas, particularly around Sezze,
Ceccano, San Giovanni Valdarno and Pontecorvo.

445th BS War Diary: Mission was cancelled today. A Philco refridgerator was flown in
from Naples. It is now resting in the Officers mess. It was supposed to go to Group but
they didn’t take it because of transportation difficulties, so the squadron took it for itself.
The Officers’ mess has been completely screened in and a screen door has been hung.
No door springs were to be found over here so it was necessary to improvise some
substitute, so the door would not be left open and the flies and mosquitoes get in. Since
the door open inward, some officer got the idea of running a rope from the outside of the
door to a nearby stake. The rope is weighted in the middle so that when the door is
pushed in by someone entering the club, the weight automaticly pulls the door shut, by
pulling the middle of the rope down, out of a horizontal position and thus shortening the
distance between the two ends of the rope. The ball team was beaten by the 193rd Q.M.
team. The cement floor of the E.M. club is nearly completed. Lts. Crider, Werner and
Monk and Sgt. Miller finally returned from Cairo after almost a months trip.

Crider, Claude M., Jr., Lt, bombardier Miller, Robert J., Jr, S/Sgt, bombardier

Monk, Wilhelm, Lt, pilot, bombardier Werner, Samuel, 2Lt, pilot, bombardier

446th BS War Diary: Usual duties. No missions are flown.

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: A mission was scheduled for today, but cancelled due to weather
conditions. The following enlisted men (ground personnel) were assigned to this
squadron per S.O. #82, 57th Wing: Sgt. Jack J. Harris, Cpl. Lawrence I. Kearney and Pfc
James H. Ledbetter. The following officers and enlisted men were assigned to this
squadron per S.O. #83, 57th Wing: 2nd Lts. Merlin O. Hueppchen (P), John A Reilly
(CP), F/O Joe W. Gould (N), Sgt. William L. Smith (EG), S/Sgt. John A. Keefe (RG),
Sgt. Harold R. Bauder (AG). Sgt. Eugene R. Dixon was relieved of his assignment and
transferred on rotation to personnel center #6 for transshipment to the U.S. Morning
Report: Officers----97; Enlisted Men---315.

Bauder, Harold R., Sgt, aerial gunner Kearney, Lawrence I., Cpl, engineering

Dixon, Eugene E., Sgt, communications Gould, Joe W., F/O, bombardier, navigator

Harris, Jack J., Sgt, armament Hueppchen, Merlin O., 2Lt, pilot

Keefe, John A., S/Sgt, radio-gunner Ledbetter, James H., PFC, engineering

Reilly, John A., 2Lt, pilot Smith, William L., Sgt, engineer-gunner

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Monday, 22 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): 332d Fighter Group with
P-47s is transferred to the Fifteenth Air Force; this move, following a series of
reassignments of fighter groups to the Fifteenth Air Force and to India, leaves the XII
Fighter Command with only 1 fighter group. In Italy, medium bombers are inactive or
abortive except for a raid on Cave; fighter-bombers maintain close support of the ground
advance, hitting at motor transport, roads, and bridges in the battle areas and nearby
points in C Italy, including Terracina, Ceccano, Sezze, Bastia, points between Rome and
Bracciano Lake and near Balsorano.

445th BS War Diary: The first real Corsican wind greeted early risers this morning. It
also caused the mission to be cancelled. Gun pits have been dug in the area to house the
50 Cal. Machine guns now on drums. The baseball team was beaten again by the 193rd
Engineers. The score, 5-0. The cement floor in the E.M. club is now complete and work
has begun on tables and benches. Lts Farrell and Groose made ferry flights to
Ghisonaccia.

Farrell, Robert A., Lt, pilot Groose, William R., Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Usual duties. No missions are flown.

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: A mission was scheduled for today, but cancelled due to weather
condition. All squadrons of the 321st have been relieved of line guard duty which has
been taken over by a security squadron of Puerto Ricans. A lecture was conducted by
Capt. Olson regarding ditching and crash landing procedures for all combat personnel.

Olson, Robert C., Capt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Tuesday, 23 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
abort missions because of weather; light bombers hit communications between Cisterna
di Roma and Campoleone; fighter-bombers actively support the general offensive of
Allied ground forces in the Liri Valley and at Anzio where US and British forces break
out of the beachhead; fighters on armed reconnaissance join in the attacks and numerous
enemy vehicles, gun positions, transport routes and personnel are hit hard in areas in and
around Terracina, Littoria, Norma, Marcigliana, Fara in Sabina, Borghetto, Arezzo and
Civita Castellena; and a marshalling yard on the Empoli-Siena line is also hit.

445th BS War Diary: The combat crews were briefed twice but finally at 14:20 the
words “Stand Down” appeared on the operations bulletin board. A meeting was held in
the evening and malaria preventative measures were discussed. Captain Smith named
atebrin, nets, repellent and common sense as the main security. We had the first fried
potatoes in eight months in the supper chow. Tables have been placed in the porch
section of the E.M. club. The Officers have set up a Volley Ball net in their area and
closely contested games are in progress.

Smith, William C., Capt, surgeon

446th BS War Diary: Usual duties. No missions are flown.

446th BS Mission Summary: No Missions

447th BS War Diary: A mission was scheduled for today, but cancelled due to weather
conditions. The following officers and enlisted men have been assigned to this squadron
per SO #84, 57th Wing: 2nd Lts. Earl H. Remmel (P), Gordon G. Ramy (CP), Leeland A.
Mesna (B), Sgt Isidore Ifshin (EG), S/Sgt. Joseph W. MacNeil (RG), and Sgt. Frederick
J. May (AG). 2nd Lt. Marion E. Walker has been assigned to this squadron per S) 83, 57
Wing. 1st Lt. Fred E. Ryherd has been relieved of assignment and transferred for
transshipment to the U.S. 2nd Lt Wendell C. Horne has been relieved of assignment and
transferred to 321st Bomb Group Headquarters. 2nd Lt. Ragnar G. Lind, assistant S-2
officer, has been relieved of assignment and transferred to 321st Bomb Group
Headquarters. Lt Lind will replace 1st Lt. Salvatore P. Casarella, Jr., who in turn has been
assigned to this squadron as assistant S-2 officer. S/Sgt. Leland H. Smith (RG) has been
relieved of assignment for transshipment to the U.S. Sgt. Theodore A. Fiocca (RG) has
been assigned to this squadron per SO #84, 57th Wing. Today’s training consisted of
local test flight.

Casarella, Salvatore P., Jr., 1Lt, intelligence Fiocca, Theodore A., Sgt, radio-gunner

Horne, Wendell C., 2Lt, engineering Ifshin, Isidore, Sgt, engineer-gunner

Lind, Ragnar G., 2Lt, intelligence MacNeil, Joseph W., S/Sgt, radio-gunner

May, Frederick J., Sgt, aerial gunner Mesna, Leeland A., 2Lt, bombardier

Ramy, Gordon, G., 2Lt, pilot Remmel, Earl H., 2Lt, pilot

Ryherd, Fred E., 1Lt, pilot Smith, Leland H., S/Sgt, radio-gunner

Walker, Marion E., 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: No Entry

Wednesday, 24 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium, light
and fighter-bombers fly numerous sorties in support of the rapidly advancing ground
forces and in attacks against rail lines, bridges and roads in NC Italy; medium bombers
hit at least 5 bridges, create several road blocks and cause havoc in communications to
the N of the battle area; light bombers blast a bivouac area; fighter-bombers have great
success in attacks on motor transports, mainly in the battle area, and in conjunction with
RAF aircraft destroy 300+ and damage as many more.

445th BS War Diary: Photo interpretation showed 445th bombs hit the Rignano R.R.
Bridge on both approaches. Captain Strenger led a three plane “nickeling” formation
after landing Pomigliano for briefing and pamphlets. Dynamite blasts resounded
throughout the area as mess pits and gun emplacements were improved. A little
excitement but no damage occurred when a flare gun went off in “Idaho Lassie”. Captain
Lord again warned us that actions will be taken unless military courtesy improves. Lt.
Coale is proudly sporting a slight leg wound resulting from today’s mission.

Coale, Julian R., Lt, pilot Lord, Robert O., Jr., Capt, engineering

Strenger, Marshall C., Capt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Usual duties.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 253

TARGET: Rignano Rail Bridge, Italy. DATE: 24 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 12

Lt. Shynshka led the formation. All bombs dropped in target area, with concentration on
N approach and N end of bridge. Flak was heavy, intense and accurate. Nineteen planes
were holed. No fighters. Lt. Hipson did not take off because of magneto trouble.

Shynshka, Lubomier P., 2Lt, pilot, 445th BS Hipson, Robert G., 2Lt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 12 of our ships participated in a raid on Pontassieve RR Bridge,
with Lt. Wiginton leading the flight. Center and West end of bridge reported hit with
good concentration in target area. Other hits across both approaches, some in M/Y and a
few over. On the second mission for the day 8 of our ships participated in a raid on
Acquapendente Road Bridge. Only the first element dropped bombs. Due to 8/10 cover
on primary and 7/10 on alternate most planes returned bombs. Bombs over to NE near
highway bridge. Major Raymond D. Sampson led our squadron and the group. A
successful nickeling mission was accomplished east of Velletri. Today’s training
consisted of an XC flight to Italy.

Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot Sampson, Raymond D., Maj, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 246 (298). At 09:00 26 planes off to bomb Pontassieve
RR/bridge, one returned early, others dropped 92 x 1000 bombs at 10:26 from 10,000
feet all returned at 11:30. Heavy, moderate and fairly accurate flak S of Florence. 4
planes holed. Possible hits across center of bridge and good concentration on W end of
bridge. Hits on both approaches and M/Y. Weather: 3/10th cover. Escort 6 Spits.

Wednesday, 24 May 1944 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Mission 247 (300). At 16:40 20 planes off to bomb Acquapendente
R/B. Found target cloud obscured, 3 planes dropped 23 x 500 bombs at 18:14 on the
Follonica RR/B. One plane salvoed and 16 planes returned bombs to base. All returned
at 18:45. Heavy, scant and inaccurate flak. 4 unidentified E/A chased by escorts.
Observation difficult, most bombs reported to NE of target near hiway bridge. Weather:
8/10th cover. Escort 12 Spits.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 248 (301). At 09:15 25 planes off to bomb Rignano
RR/Bridge and dropped 180 x 500 bombs at 10:30 from 12,000 feet. All returned at
11:45. Heavy, intense and accurate flak from 2 miles S of Pontassieve and from Chiusi
area. Large red puffs from last area. 19 planes holed. Possible hits were made on N end
of bridge and N approach as very good concentration in this area. Weather:3/10th cover.
Escort 12 Spits.

Thursday, 25 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): Twelfth Air Force has it's
most active day to date against enemy forces in Italy; some medium bombers continue to
pound bridges in NC Italy, damaging several bridges and viaducts, while others join
light and fighter-bombers in close support of ground troops in the battle area and behind
enemy lines; motor transport N and S of Rome and N of Anzio is hit hard by the air
attacks; US Fifth Army achieves a solid front with junction of VI Corps (Anzio force)
and II Corps (advancing along W coast) during the morning near Borgo Grappa.

445th BS War Diary: Lt. Hatcher has been appointed assistant Operations Officer. Lt.
Farrell and Sgt. Ellison left for the good old U.S.A. on the 30 day furlough rotation plan.
There was a personal inspection of all men today with satisfactory results. Lt.s
Waterman, Gunder and Sgts Fitzgerald, Malloy and Johnson and Andrews left for Anzio
on the exchange plan with ground forces. Their comments should be convincing upon
return. Some of the more interesting sights around the area are the many varied signs.
They are all colors of the rainbow and you never know where a new one will sprout roots.
“Latrine”, “Urinal”, E.M. Only”, Officers Only”, “Trash Only”, “Kill that Mosquito”,
“Use Your Repellent”, and “Keep Your Tent Clean” are but a very few.

Andrews, Lamar C., S/Sgt, gunner Ellison, Clyde, Sgt, turret gunner

Farrell, Robert A., Lt, pilot Fitzgerald, Daniel J., Sgt, gunner

Gunder, William H., 2Lt, pilot Hatcher, Leon F., Jr., 2Lt, pilot

Johnson, John E. S/Sgt, engineer-gunner Malloy, Edward J., Sgt, gunner

Waterman, LeRoy R., 1Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: Sgt. Edward Roulier gets his orders to go home.

Roulier, Edward, T., S/Sgt, gunner

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 254

TARGET: Todi Road Bridge, Italy. DATE: 25 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 12

Major Hunter led the formation. All bombs in target area. Direct hits seen on both
approaches and center of bridge. No flak, no fighters. Lt. Matzinger did not take off
because of engine trouble. Four planes failed to drop bombs. Bomb sight and bomb rack
trouble.

Hunter, William C., Maj, pilot Matzinger, Keith R., Lt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 13 of our ships participated in a raid on Ronta Aqueduct, with Lt.
Stocking leading our flight. Clouds made observation difficult, however, concentrations
were seen on both approaches, some short to SE and possible hits on center. T/Sgt
Joseph J Altobello has been relieved from assigned for transshipment to the U.S. The
following enlisted men have been promoted from private to private-first-class: Pvt. Ora
E. Holmes, Jr. and Pvt. Arthur T. Shand.

Altobello, Joseph J., T/Sgt, gunner Holmes, Ora E., Jr., PFC, photographer

Shand, Arthur T., PFC, photographer

Thursday, 25 May 1944 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Mission 249 (303). At 16:15 25 planes off to bomb Todi
R/bridge and dropped 81 x 1000 bombs at 17:38 from 9,500 feet. All bombs fell in target
area with probable direct hits on center of bridge and both approaches, all returned at
18:45. No flak. Weather: Hazy with 3/10th cloud at target. Escort 12 Spits.

Friday, 26 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
hit railway targets in the Florence area and bomb roads in the battle area with good
results; light bombers hit Frascati; other medium bombers join fighter-bombers in an
assault against motor transport achieving wide-spread enemy vehicle destruction,
especially on the Rome-Bracciano road over which the enemy is pouring reinforcements
S toward the battle area.

445th BS War Diary: The right rudder and a section of the right stabilizer was shot off
as was the elevator of Lt. Groh’s ship on today’s mission. Lt. Groh performed a miracle
of flying to bring the plane back. He fought the controls to Corsica and ordered his crew
to jump. The plane crashed in a road intersection and fortunately no one on the ground
was injured. Of the crew, only Lt. Groh was hurt from jumping. His first words upon
leaving the ambulance were “How’s the rest of the crew?” He suffered a broken leg. Lt.
Cormier made a fine single engine landing. Lt. Conover’s eye was slightly cut from
flying Plexiglass. Sgt. Reddy received a mean flak wound in his arm. All in all, 445th
can consider itself proud and fortunate. Rations were distributed today. Spaghetti and
meat balls were tops for supper.

Groh, Sheldon R., Lt, pilot Conover, Donald C., Lt, pilot

Reddy, John E., Sgt, gunner

446th BS War Diary: Major Hunter and his crew are lost near San Stefano, Italy. It is
believed that the entire crew may be POW. Lt. Brickner, Kinney and Reynolds plus
Sergeants Todd, Denny and Lanza made up the Major’s crew on the flight.

Brickner, Walter H., Lt, pilot Denny, John W., Jr., Sgt, gunner

Hunter, William C., Maj, pilot Kinney, John H., Lt, navigator

Lanza, William A., Sgt, gunner Reynolds, Laverne E., Lt, bombardier

Todd, Alfred J., T/Sgt, radio-gunner

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 255

TARGET: Tivoli Town Road Block, Italy. DATE: 26 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 13

Lt. Van Raam, 448th Sqdn. led the formation. Good concentration in target area, many
hits on junction. No flak. One FW-190 made pass at formation as it left coast.

Van Raam, Rudolph (NMI), Lt, pilot, 448th BS

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 256

TARGET: Insicia Bridge, Italy. DATE: 26 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 10

Major Hunter lead the formation. Flight leader’s plane was hit by flak just before target
and in diving broke up bomb run so that only six planes dropped, with bombs reported
short and over target. Remainder of formation bombed Cecina road bridge (alt) with
reports of direct hits on bridge and some in town. Flak was heavy, intense and accurate.
Major Hunter’s plane was badly hit and three chutes were seen to leave it. The last report

Friday, 26 May 1944 (continued)

on the plane was that it headed E apparently under control, presumably to land in enemy
territory. Lt. Lewis made an emergency landing at home base. Lt. Sampson made an
emergency landing at the 310th field. His bombardier, Lt. Williams, was wounded by flak
fragments. Lt Smith and Lt. Burandt returned early, and Lt. Hipson did not take off due
to trouble with props. T/Sgt E.M. Leary received flak wounds in right leg

Burandt, Charles L., Lt, pilot Hipson, Robert G., 2Lt, pilot

Hunter, William C., Maj, pilot Leary, Edward M., T/Sgt, radio-gunner

Lewis, Vernon, 2Lt, pilot Sampson, Allan T., 1Lt, pilot

Smith, Randell L., 2Lt, pilot Williams, Warren R., Lt, bombardier

A/C No. unknown shot down

Hunter, William C., Maj

Brickner, Walter H., 2Lt

Kinney, John H., 2Lt

Reynolds, Laverne E., 2Lt

Lanza, William A., Sgt

Todd, Alfred J., T/Sgt

Denny, John W., Jr., Sgt

None

447th BS War Diary: Two missions scheduled for today. On the first mission 12 of our
ships participated on the attack of Montersi-Road Bridge. The target was well covered.
One truck at target hit and exploded; two other M/T approaching target possibly
damaged. Dust obscured target and one flight made run on road junction cutting road. Lt
Wiginton lead the Group with our squadron. On the second mission 12 of our ships
participated, raiding Insicia Viaduct. The first flight’s bombs scattered with some short
and to S of target with possible hits on south approach. Second flight reported hits on
tracks north and south of viaduct with possible hits on target. Lt. Haynes landed at Borgo
A/D on return trip because an engine was shot out. Lt. Speer lead our flight. Lt. George
D. Seavey was slightly wounded in action. Pfc Anthony Bellonia and Pvt. Stanley A.
Hughes have been reclassified from 911 to 060. Today’s training consisted of 10 dry
runs with the Norden sight. Capt Becker was the bombardier.

Becker, Edward B., Capt, bombardier Bellonia, Anthony, PFC, mess

Haynes, Eldon R., Lt, pilot Hughes, Stanley A., Pvt, mess

Seavey, George D., Lt, pilot Speer, Leslie T., Lt, pilot or Speer, Marvin L., Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 250 (305). At 09:00 26 planes off to bomb Tivoli
R/block and dropped 184 x 500 bombs at 10:30 from 9,500 feet. All returned at 11:35.
No flak, 4 FW-190’s took long shots at formation but did not close, good concentration
of bombs in target area with many hits on R/J, road SW of town cut. Weather: CAVU.
Escort 12 Spits.

Friday, 26 May 1944 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Mission 251 (307). At 15:21 23 planes off to bomb Incisa N
RR/bridge but bombed alternate of Cecina R/bridge. Flight leader of the 446 hit just
before target and disrupted formation. 4 planes dropped 32 x 500 on primary but bombs
were short and over. 6 planes dropped 47 x 500 bombs on alternate with direct hits
reported. Heavy, intense and accurate flak from E of target and from Poppi. One plane
(446) shot down over target, message from flight leader in plane indicates crew landed
safely, 7planes holed. Weather: CAVU. Escort 12 Spits.

Saturday, 27 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
concentrate their efforts against lines of communications in the Orvieto area; A-20s bomb
a storage area; fighter-bombers pound a much reduced flow of motor transport behind
enemy lines and hit railroads, gun positions, bridges, and targets of opportunity and
behind the battle area, hitting targets at Subiaco, Sora, Tivoli, Frosinone, Capena, and
Orvieto, W of Bracciano Lake, between Sulmona and San Benedetto de Marsi and at
several other points.

445th BS War Diary: Today saw two successful missions return. For some unknown
reason the day seemed very full for all. The evening show was “Whistling in Brooklyn”
with Red Skelton. Very good. Oddity about these movies is that the French natives and
Italian K.P.s seldom miss a performance. Whether they can understand the train of
events during the picture is a matter for conjecture. A shack has been built to house
kitchen supplies at the E.M. Club. This enables the cooks to work more freely. The
Officers have now landscaped their club area with bushes, rocks, etc. They are quite
proud of their club appearance and justly so.

446th BS War Diary: Two missions are flown.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 257

TARGET: Orvieto RR Bridge, Italy. DATE: 27 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. 446th Planes: 12

Lt. Van Raam, 448th Sqdn. led the formation. Excellent concentration of bombs in target
area. Hits seen on both approaches and center of bridge. No flak. Two FW-190s
approached and were engaged by Spitfires. Lt. Hipson returned early because of high
blower was out.

Hipson, Robert G., 2Lt, pilot Van Raam, Rudolph (NMI), Lt, pilot, 448th BS

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 258

TARGET: Massa RR Bridge, Italy. DATE: 27 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 12

Capt. Cooper led the formation. Good concentration of bombs fell to W of bridge with
reports of direct hits on W end of W approach. Some across tracks to E. No flak, no
fighters.

Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 13 of our ships participated on the first mission for the day, with
Lt. Stocking leading the Group, in a raid on Orvieto N RR Bridge. Direct hits on S
approach. One string of bombs walked across center of bridge making at least one hit.
Possible hit on N approach. Good concentration on target area with only a few over and
short. On the second mission, 12 of our ships took part in a raid on Massa Rd Bridge.
Both bridges reported hit with greatest concentration of bombs on both towards W end
and W approaches. Few scattered bombs short and over. Lt. Murray lead our squadron.
Today’s training consisted of practice bombing.

Murray, Richard E., Lt, pilot Stocking, Eugene E., Lt, pilot

Saturday, 27 May 1944 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Mission 252 (309). At 06:36 26 planes off to bomb Orvieto S
R/bridge and dropped 191 x 500 bombs at 10:00 from 10,000 feet and all returned at
11:05. No flak, 2 FW-190’s attacked at Lake Bolsena at 09:45 engaged by escort of
Spits. Hits seen on both approaches and center of bridge with excellent concentration on
both areas. Weather: CAVU.

448th BS War Diary: Mission 253 (310). At 13:25 25 planes off to bomb Massa
RR/bridge and dropped 83 x 1000 bombs at 15:57 from 9,000 feet. All returned 16:50,
no flak. W end of bridge and W approach believed hit, some bombs into town. Slight
haze. Escort 12 Spits.

Sunday, 28 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
hit bridges, viaducts, and railroad lines at several locations in C Italy, including Narni,
Cortana, Terni, Ladispoli, Torrita di Siena, Magnano, Recco, Arezzo, Rapallo, Vado,
Bucine, and Castiglion Fiorentino; light bombers hit an ammunition dump while fighter-
bombers continue close support to advancing ground forces, encountering considerably
less enemy motor transport behind lines because of the heavy attrition of recent days;
many roads, railroads and bridges are hit as well as numerous other targets along the
battlefront which now stretches from the W coast SW of Carroceto to the NE almost to
Valmontone, then SW to just above Sezze, and from there ambles E to NE to the E coast
below Pescara.

445th BS War Diary: The bomb plot photos of today’s mission to the Vado R.R. Bridge
revealed 100% accuracy. This mission was led by Lt. Russell in old reliable “Idaho
Lassie”. Sgt. Herrman and Forbes left for the States for a 30 day furlough plus traveling
time. The mail tent and post box have been moved to the opposite side of the main
entrance. This tent now houses the transportation dispatcher in addition to “Buck”
Sergeant and his censor stamp. The 313th Signal Company gave our squadron ball team
another whipping, this time to the tune of 6-2. The chow has been exceptionally good
and the men have been in high spirits because of it.

Forbes, Robert W., Sgt, gunner Herrman, Byard G., S/Sgt, gunner

Russell, Lawrence L., Lt, pilot Sergeant, William A. “Buck”, Sgt, mail clerk

446th BS War Diary: Usual duties.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 259

TARGET: Zoagli Viaduct, Italy (Alt) DATE: 28 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. 446th Planes: 11

Lt. Van Raam, 448th Sqdn. led the formation. Due to bad weather at the primary target,
alternate was attacked with good concentration of bombs in target area. Few bombs
scattered. No flak, no fighters. Capt. Cooper’s plane suffered a blown out tire on take-
off. The ship crashed but no one was hurt. Lt. Chudars returned early with engine
trouble.

Chudars, James E., Lt, pilot Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot

Van Raam, Rudolph (NMI), Lt, pilot, 448th BS

447th BS War Diary: 4 of our ships participated in a raid on Fado Viaduct, with Capt.
Bounds leading the Group. Lt. Denman flying plane 564 was hit by flak and was last
seen flying up the Po Valley on one engine under control. Lt. Denman and crew reported
as MIA. Lt. Spilko and S/Sgt. Roberts were both slightly wounded when hit by flak.
Nine other ships were airborne but returned early when they couldn’t find the rest of the
formation. Good concentration on N end of bridge with other bombs falling on center
with a few short and to SW. Today’s training consisted of practice bombing. Morning
report: officers---98; enlisted men---320.

Bounds, Thomas C., Capt, pilot Denman, John L., Lt, pilot

Sunday, 28 May 1944 (continued)

Spilko, Harold, 2Lt, bombardier

Roberts, E., S/Sgt, gunner or Roberts, Herman, S/Sgt, gunner

447th BS War Diary: Special Accounts: Today’s mission was a story of confusion and
tragedy and triumph. Thirteen planes were scheduled to fly on a mission to bomb a
railway bridge at Fado Viaduct Italy. We were to lead the mission of 24 planes, with
Capt. Bounds in the lead plane. On the take off Capt. Cloward leading the second
element was unable to find the first element to effect an assembly. Consequently, Lt
Speer leading the second box of six also missed the assembly because he followed Capt.
Cloward. Then when they went to the rendezvous point the mission had already left with
the fighter escort and these nine planes then had to return to the base.

Capt. Bounds led the mission perfectly. Lt. Windler, his bombardier, scored a
“shock” when he hit the southwest end of the bridge, the exact part of the bridge he was
briefed to hit. However, Lt. Denman’s plane was hit by the intense accurate antiaircraft
fire, which started even before the formation went on its bomb run, and fell out of
formation. It was last seen by the escort heading toward Bologne under control on single
engine. No chutes were seen to leave it. The other two wingmen with Capt. Bounds
released their bombs about 30 seconds before they reached the target and naturally hit
considerably out of the target area. Capt. Bound’s plane was the only one of our
Squadron to drop bombs on the target, but luckily he had Lt. Windler as bombardier who
in all his missions with this Squadron has missed his target only once.

The crew of the lost plane was as follows: 2nd Lt. John L. Denman, 2nd Lt. Merlin
Hueppchen, 2nd Lt. William D. Wiley, Sgt. Robert R. Plutchak, S/Sgt. Leo J. Martin, and
Sgt. George D. Merrill.

Bounds, Thomas C., Capt, pilot Cloward, Glannin A., Capt, pilot

Windler, John H., Lt, bombardier

A/C No. unknown shot down

Denman, John L., 2Lt

Hueppchen, Merlin O., 2Lt

None

Wiley, William D., 2Lt

Plutchak, Robert R., Sgt

Martin, Leo J., S/Sgt

Merrill, George D., Sgt

None

448th BS War Diary: Mission 254 (311). At 07:20 24 planes off to bomb Zoagli
viaduct and dropped 83 x 1000 bombs at 09:00 from 9,000 feet, all returned at 10:05. No
flak, photo show 2 strings across E approach with possible hits on bridge, large explosion
N of approach also 2 strings across tunnel mouth at W bridge approach. Hazy at target.
Escort 12 Spits.

Monday, 29 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, B-25s bomb rail
bridges near Bucine and at Poggibonsi and Lisciano; B-26s hit viaducts at Terni and near
Stifone, railroad junction and marshalling yard at Terentola, Castiglion Fiorentino bridge,
the Voltri shipyards and a bridge nearby; A-20s hit troops in bivouac and bomb a supply
dump; fighter-bombers continue to blast motor transport between the battlelines and
Rome; and C-47s evacuate 400+ wounded from the Anzio area.

445th BS War Diary: We sent a plane to Italy to Take Lt.s Schiff, Dickerson, Fisher and
Sgts. Hunt and R.J. Wells to Rest Camp. This is on the Isle of Capri. Lts. Santone and
Boucher were put on D.S. status to the third Air Service Sqdn. They will fly DC3’s for
one month. 195 left Sgt. Carson in Foggia, the first leg of his trip to the United States.
The Squadron latrines have been placed in the surrounding woods and completely
screened in. There are footpaths leading to them that are not unlike the winding pioneer
trails. These are the best latrines we have had since arriving overseas.

Boucher, Arthur P., Lt, pilot Carson, Cecil F., Sgt, turret gunner

Dickerson, Samuel M., 1Lt, pilot Fisher, James B., Jr., Lt, pilot

Hunt, Jerry E., S/Sgt, gunner Santone, Michael A., Lt, pilot

Schiff, Frederick, 2Lt, pilot Wells, Robert J., Sgt, gunner

446th BS War Diary: Sergeant Turner, the last of the enlisted bombardiers, goes to the
U.S. Lts. Sampson and White and Sergeants Napoliello and Nigrelli go to Capri.

Napoliello, Felix, Sgt, gunner Nigrelli, Ernest J., Sgt, gunner

Sampson, Allan T., Lt, pilot Turner, Allen B., S/Sgt, bombardier, gunner

White, Frank B., Lt, pilot

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 260

TARGET: Viareggio RR Bridge, Italy. DATE: 29 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. 446th Planes: 10

Lt. Matzinger led the formation. Direct hits in center of bridge and both approaches cut.
Good concentration in target area. Lt. Goff did not take off. Lt. Chudars returned early
with an oil leak. Lt. Hipson returned early on single engine. No flak, no fighters.

Chudars, James E., Lt, pilot Goff, Leroy R., Jr., Lt, pilot

Hipson, Robert G., 2L, pilot Matzinger, Keith R., Lt, pilot

447th BS War Diary: 13 of our ships took part in a raid on Lisano Bridges, with Lt.
Stocking leading our flight. South Bridge: concentration of bombs reported on NE end
and approach with others to S and W short. North Bridge: reports of bombs falling
across both approaches with some through center, and others across highway to N and E
of target. The following officers and enlisted men have been relieved of assignment and
transferred for transshipment to the U.S.: 1st Lt. Joseph J. Nowakowski, 1st Lt. George J.
Deane, 1st Lt. Howard D. Tompkins, T/Sgt. Adolph Kaufold, S/Sgt. William W. Stewart,
S/Sgt. Charles D. Noyes and S/Sgt. Andrew Zacharya.

Deane, George J., 1Lt, bombardier Kaufold, Adolph, T/Sgt, gunner

Nowakowski, Joseph J., 1Lt, pilot Noyes, Charles D., S/Sgt, gunner

Monday, 29 May 1944 (continued)

Stocking, Eugene E., Lt, pilot Stewart, William W., S/Sgt, bombardier

Tompkins, Howard D., 1Lt, pilot Zacharya, Andrew, S/Sgt, gunner

448th BS War Diary: Mission 255 (315). At 10:31 22 planes off to bomb Viareggio
RR/Bridge and dropped 28 x 1000 bombs from 11 planes on Piteccio Fiano RR/viaduct.
11 other planes dropped 44 x 500 bombs on Viareggio RR/Bridge. Because of difficulty
in picking up first target due to haze bombs missed target area. Roads were believed cut
N and S of viaduct. At Viareggio RR/Bridge direct hits on center of bridge and both
approaches. No flak. Weather: Hazy. Escort 12 Spits.

Tuesday, 30 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, B-26s and B-25s
destroy or damage 10 bridges, bridge approaches and viaducts which affect supply routes
to the battlefronts across C Italy; light and fighter-bombers blast motor transports and gun
positions in the battle area and hit targets in and around towns in the area, including
Guidonia, Ariccia, Alatri and Veroli; and C-47s evacuate wounded from Nettuno.

445th BS War Diary: Highlight of the day took place in the clubs. General Knapp, two
British Air Marshalls, and still another General inspected the clubs and mess areas. They
were impressed and pleased. S/Sgt. Ken Terhune took charge of the S-2 and S-3 forces
and built a wooden floor in the S-2 S-3 tent-office. The tent has also been heightened by
a wooden framework. The boys are awaiting Captain Nickerson’s reactions upon his
return. The B-25 which Lt. Moore and Lt. Tarmichael were taxiing this morning struck a
rock and collapsed the landing gear. The plane, 035, has been turned in for salvage and
we are fortunate in the fact that there were no injuries. The “exchange” crews returned
from the beach head because of the ensuing drive in Italy.

Knapp, Robert D., Brigadier General, 57th BW Commander

Moore, Henry D., Lt, pilot or Moore, William H., Jr., Lt, pilot

Nickerson, James E., Capt, intelligence

Tarmichael, Arthur J., 1Lt, pilot Terhune, Kenneth D., S/Sgt, operations

446th BS War Diary: Usual duties. More accomplishments are made in work on the
enlisted men’s mess and club.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 261

TARGET: Tarquinia Rail Bridge, Italy (Alt) DATE: 30 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. Demo. 446th Planes: 12

Lt. Van Raam, 448th Sqdn. led the formation. Due to weather the alternate target was
bombed with reported excellent results. Practically all bombs were in target area and
across both ends and center of bridge. No flak, no fighters. Lt. Hipson returned early,
trouble with throttle.

Hipson, Robert G., 2Lt, pilot Van Ram, Rudolph (NMI), Lt, pilot, 448th BS

447th BS War Diary: 13 of our ships participated in a raid on Rosignano Rd and RR
bridges. Bombed alternate target when primary (Grizzano) was not identified. Good
concentration reported on main road bridge and RR bridge. Few bombs may have carried
over on secondary road bridge, west of target. All bombs in target area reported. Lt
Wiginton lead our squadron and also the Group. T/Sgt. Robert J. Boyd relieved of
assignment and reassigned to Personnel Center No. 6 for transshipment to U.S. 1st Lt.
Harwood Beebe and S/Sgt. Liebnick Cangillieri on DS El Alouina for transshipment to
U.S. The following officers and enlisted men departed for rest camp on Capri: 2nd Lts.
William F. Heitman, Robert E. Thomas, John G. Nall, S/Sgt. Elmer P. Dressler, and Cpl.
John E. Broadrick, Jr.

Beebe, Harwood, Jr., 1Lt Boyd, Robert J., M/Sgt, gunner

Broadrick, John E., Jr., operations Cangillieri, Liebnick, S/Sgt, gunner

Tuesday, 30 May 1944 (continued)

Dressler, Elmer P., S/Sgt, engineering Heitman, William F., 2Lt, pilot

Nall, John G., 2Lt, pilot Thomas, Robert E., 2Lt, navigator

Wiginton, J. Maurice, 2Lt, pilot

448th BS War Diary: Mission 256 (317). At 16:25 25 planes off to bomb Tarquinia
RR/Bridge and dropped 176 x 500 bombs from 10,000 feet at 18:46. Exceptional
concentration of bombs across center and both ends, several direct hits scored. Weather:
CAVU. Escort, area cover.

Wednesday, 31 May 1944

USAAF Chronology: MTO Tactical Operations (12th AF): In Italy, medium bombers
of the 42nd and 57th Bombardment Wings give close support to ground forces in fierce
fighting S of Rome, hitting numerous troop concentrations, roads and town areas,
including points in or near Albano Laziale, Genzano di Roma, Ariccia, Frascati, Civitella
Roveta, Subiaco, Cave, Nettuno and Grottaferrata; XII Tactical Air Command A-20s and
fighter-bombers blast targets in the same general area, hitting troops, bridges, supplies,
guns and vehicles at or near Rocca di Papa, Ariccia, Marino, Frascati, Grottaferrata,
Lanuvio, Montalto diCastro and Manciano; and C-47s evacuate casualties from Anzio.

445th BS War Diary: Two new crews headed by Lts. Payne and Moore were assigned
to this squadron. The assignment list also contained the name of Lt. Shenk. The boys
say that “Photo Joe” was over taking pictures last night, so maybe we can expect a little
excitement some night. There are countless bets being made and paid concerning the
date and place of the coming invasion. The majority of squadron armchair generals say
that it will come in June or not this year. We have had beef in the form of meat loaf,
hamburger and roast for five consecutive meals including breakfast which easily sets a
record for the squadron overseas history.

Moore, Henry D., Lt, pilot or Moore, William H., Jr., Lt, pilot

Payne, Lawrence J., Lt, pilot Shenk, Stanley R., Lt, pilot

446th BS War Diary: The club nears completion and plans are made to open it in the
next two or three days.

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 262

TARGET: Subiaco Road Block, Italy. DATE: 31 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 1000 lb. 446th Planes: 11

Capt. Cooper led the formation. Second flight unable to pick up target in time to bomb,
but ten ships had good coverage in target area with several direct hits on target reported.
Flak was heavy, inaccurate, moderate. Five ships holed. Lt. Burandt did not take off. Lt.
Lewis returned early with engine trouble. No fighters.

Cooper, Paul T., Capt, pilot Lewis, Vernon J., Lt, pilot

446th BS Mission Summary: Squadron Mission 263

TARGET: Cave Bridge, Italy. DATE: 31 May 1944

Type of Bombs: 500 lb. 446th Planes: 10

Lt. Russell, 445th Sqdn. led the formation. Direct hits reported on both bridges, result of
good concentration. Most of bombs on N bridge seemed to fall on W end and
approaches. Flak was heavy, moderate, fairly accurate. One plane hit after target, landed
at Nettuno.

Russell, Lawrence L., 2Lt, pilot, 445th BS

Wednesday, 31 May 1944 (continued)

447th BS War Diary: 11 of our ships participated in a raid on Civitella Rovelo Road
Block, with Lt. Murray leading our flight. Concentration of bombs southwest of town.
Bombs hit road south of town and also across railway south of town. One of our ships
participated in a successful nickeling mission on Ferentino, Palestrina and Frascati. Capt.
Olson was pilot. The following enlisted men have been assigned to this squadron per SO
89, 57th Wing: Cpl Joseph W. Swehla, Cpl. Arnold W. Vollbrecht, Cpl. Earl J. Vogt, Pvt.
Lamont C. Harrington, Pvt. Robert H. Hawk, and Pvt Arthur H. Hayes.

Murray, Richard E., Lt, pilot Olson, Robert C., Capt, pilot

Swehla, Joseph W., Cpl, engineering Vogt, Earl J., Cpl, communications

Vollbrecht, Arnold W., Cpl, engineering Harrington, Lamont C., Pvt, duty soldier

Hawk, Robert H., Pvt, transportation Hayes, Arthur H., Pvt, engineering

448th BS War Diary: Mission 257 (319). At 06:30 24 planes off to bomb Subiaco
R/block and 14 planes were unable to identify target in time to drop bombs so returned
them to base, one plane hit by flak and crash landed at Gaeta Point (Lt. Matthews) crew
safe but one member wounded by flak. 9 planes dropped 36 x 1000 bombs from 10,000
feet. All returned at 11:00. Good coverage of target area with several direct hits on road.
Hits in NW and SW section of town. Heavy, moderate, accurate flak. 5 planes were
holed. Submarine crash dived when sighted 73 miles from base. Weather: CAVU with
slight haze. Escort area cover.

A/C No. unknown shot down/crew safe

Matthews, Thomas W., 2Lt

Norris, Grafton R., 2Lt

None

Apple, John A., 2Lt

Bell, Flavious J., Sgt

Carrick, Kenneth M., Sgt

Anderson, Guy F., Sgt

None

448th BS War Diary: Mission 258 (320). At 14:00 3 planes dropped 24 bobs of leaflets
over Ferentino, Palestrina, Frascati areas at 14,000 feet. Weather: CAVU. No Flak, no
fighters.

May 1944

445th BS War Diary: Additional Information for May 1944

HEADQUARTERS 321st Bomb Gp. (M)

APO 650

17 May 1944

SUBJECT: Historical Records

TO : Command General, 57th Wing, APO 650.

1. Outline History of the 445th Squadron for the period May1st to May 31st.

a. Present Designation: 445th Sq., 321st Group, 57th Wing, 12th Command.

b. Changes in organization.

1. Captain Charles Gaffney, Exc. Officer transferred to Gp. Hdqs. as Gp. Exc.

Officer. Captain Lord, Eng. Officer to Sq. Exc. Officer

2. Captain Robert Neumann, Opr. Officer transferred to Gp. Hdqs. as Ass’t. Opr.

Officer.

3. Lt. Sam Gregory, Adj. transferred to Gp. Hdqs. as Gp. Adj.

4. Lt. Lee Hutchingson, 447th, transferred to 445th as Sq. Exc. Officer.

c. Strength commissioned and enlisted.

1. Month of May 1944.

(a) 377 At beginning.

(b) 81 Net increase.

d. Stations.

1. Solenzara Air Field.

e. Movements.

1. None

f. Operations:
1. During the Month of May the Squadron participated in 270 Sorties and 36

Missions.

g. Command Officers in important missions.

1. The squadron commander flew on May 30th when the Rosignano Road Bridge

was destroyed. He also flew on the 14th of May when Enemy installations in the

town of Castiglione were devastated.

May 1944 (continued)

h. Losses in action.

1. Wounded: Lt. Julian R. Coale Jr was wounded by flak on the May 24th Rignano

R.R. Bridge mission. On the mission of May 26th, to the Monterosso Road

Junction the following men were wounded by flak. Lt. Sheldon R. Groh, Lt.

Donald C. Conover, Sgt. John E. Reddy and Sgt Robert T. Stephens.

i. During the month of May the following men received the Distinguished Flying
Cross. Lt. Damon I. McLain, Lt. Arthur J. Tarmichael, Captain Marshall C. Strenger,
Sgt. William R. Hickey, S/Sgt. Alex J. Imbastaro, and S/Sgt. John L. Plott.

For the Commanding Officer:

JAMES E. NICKERSON

Captain, Air Corps,

Squadron Historian.

May 1944 (continued)

446th BS War Diary: Additional Information for May 1944

446th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M) AAF

321ST BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M) AAF

1 June 1944

446th BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON NARATIVE HISTORY FOR MAY 1944

A. Original Unit

1. 446th Bomb Sqdn (M), 321st Bomb Gp (M) AAF

2. Organized August 1, 1942

3. Columbia Army Air Base, Columbia, S.C.

4. Activated at Barksdale Field, La. June 23, 1942

5. Personnel obtained by transfer from other units, training schools and replacement

centers.

B. Strength, Commissioned and Enlisted:

1. 1 May 1944 89 Officers, 308 Enlisted Men

2. Net Increase 6 Officers 9 Enlisted Men

3. Net Decrease None None

4. 31 May 1944 95 Officers, 317 Enlisted Men

C. Stations permanent or temporary of unit or parts thereof:

1. None

D. Commanding Officer in important engagements

1. Vallecorsa, Italy

2. Lt. Colonel Henry H. Schwane

E. Losses in action:
1. 1st Lt. Rolland R. Othick, pilot 11. Sgt Alvie J. Cobb, gunner

2. 2nd Lt. Estel A. Mayfield, pilot 12. Sgt Edward J. Miller, gunner

3. 2nd Lt. Patrick A. Griffin, bombardier 13. S/Sgt Woodrow W. Youngblood,

radio-gunner

4. 1st Lt. George F. Walsh, pilot 14. Cpl Lawrence Shellhamer, engineer-

gunner

5. 2nd Lt. Roy N. Lee, pilot 15. Sgt Edward P. Thornton, gunner

6. 2nd Lt. Harry B. Wilcox Jr., bombardier16. T/Sgt James R. Orechia, radio-

gunner

7. Major William C. Hunter, pilot 17. Sgt John W. Denny, gunner

8. 2nd Lt. Walter H. Brickner, pilot 18. T/Sgt Alfred J. Todd, radio-gunner

9. 2nd Lt. Laverne F. Reynolds, bombardier19. Sgt William A. Lanza, gunner

10. 2nd John H. Kinney, navigator

F. Former or present members of the Squadron who have distinguished themselves in
action:
1. None

G. Campaigns: Complete data in attached mission summaries.

May 1944 (continued)

447th BS War Diary: Additional Information for May 1944

447TH BOMBARDMENT SQUADRON (M)

321ST BOMBARDMENT GROUP (M)

APO 65

SUBJECT: Historical Records.

TO : Commanding General, 57th Bombardment Wing.

Attention: Historian.

1. Outline History of the 447th Bombardment Squadron for the period 1 May to 31 May
1944.

a. 447th Bombardment Squadron (M), 321st bombardment Group (M).

(1) 447th Bombardment Squadron (M), 321st Bombardment Group (M), 57th

Bombardment Wing, 12th Air Force.

(2) Columbia Army Air Base, Columbia, South Carolina.
(3) 23 June 1942
(4) G.O. 143, Hq. 111 AF, 23 June 1942
(5) Transform from other units and Selective Service.

b. Changes in Organization.

(1) None

(2) Echelons or units.

(a) 2 enlisted men out to Det of patients 23 Gen Hospital

1 enlisted Man transferred to 340th B.G. Corsica

1 enlisted man 68 C.A. to 447th Bomb Sq.

1 enlisted man transferred to P.C. #5 to transshipment to U.S.

2 enlisted men transferred to P.C. #6 to transshipment to U.S.

1 officer transferred to 445th Squadron.

2 officers transferred to Headquarters, 321st.

1 officer transferred to 447th from Headquarters

(b) 4 officers DS 5th Army to DS Corsica

4 officers DS Capri DS Corsica

5 officers DS to Alouina

19 officers 27 enlisted men assigned and joined from 57th Wing

9 officers and 8 enlisted men assigned to U.S.1 enlisted Man DS to USA

3 enlisted men assigned and joined from Hdqs Repl. Center 7B

10 officers and 8 enlisted men assigned to US.1 enlisted Man DS to USA

3 officers and 2 enlisted men DS to Capri.

(c ) None

(3) C.O. Captain (now Major) Raymond D. Sampson appointed C.O., para 2 S.O.

25, 6 Sept. 1942, to present date.

(4) None

May 1944 (continued)

(5) 2 letters added to old T.O. 26 March 1943 authorizing (1) changes

26 June 1943 (21 crews instead of 16). (2) A.G. 320.2 dated

23 Feb. 1944 (24 crews instead of 21).

c. Strength, Commission and enlisted.

(1) Month of May 1944.

(a) 277 enlisted men and 79 officers

(b) 40 enlisted men and 13 officers

(c ) none

(d) 317 enlisted men and 92 officers

d. Stations.

(1) Solenzara Air Field

(a) May 3, 1944

(b) None

e. Movements.

(1) Ground Echelons Gaudo to Solenzara. Air Echelons Gaudo to Solenzara.

(a) Change of station

(b) May 3, 1944

(c ) Water and air.

(d) Air CAVU; Water rough

f. Campaign.

(1) Italian

(2) From May 1 to present.

g. Operations.

(1) Mediterranean (Corsica)

(2) Objective Bombing

(3) 32 missions, 265 sorties

(4) Results of the most important missions.

(a) Mission: Vallecorsa Road Block

1. Important target because of German supply needs.

2. Mission was very successful

3. Aided the ground forces by cutting the enemy supplies.

4. Photographs showed excellent coverage

5. The ground forces were able to make rapid progress.

(5) Unit was subjected to heavy, accurate and intense antiaircraft fire throughout the

month.

h. Command officers in important missions.

(1) Major Raymond D. Sampson (pilot) led the group on Ficulle RR Bridge (S), 11

May 1944. Led group on Acquapendente Road Bridge, 24 May 1944. Led group

on Vallecorsa Road Block, 12 May 1944.

Col. Smith (Richard H., pilot, 321st BG Commander) led second flight on Massa

Road Bridge, 27 May 1944

May 1944 (continued)

i. Losses in action

(a) None

(b) 1st Lt. Claude F. Jones (bombardier) wounded in action May 15 on Orvieto RR

Bridge.

1st Lt. George D. Seavey (pilot) wounded in action 26 May on Incisa Viaduct

2nd Lt. Harold Spilko (bombardier) wounded 28 May on Vado Viaduct

S/Sgt. Herman Roberts (gunner) wounded 28 May on Vado Viaduct

(c ) Missing

1. 2nd Lt. John L. Denman (pilot), 2nd Lt. Merlin Hueppchen (pilot), 2nd Lt.

William D. Wiley (bombardier), Sgt. Robert R. Plutchak (engineer-gunner),

S/Sgt. Leo J. Martin (radio-gunner), and Sgt. George D. Merrill (aerial gunner),
on May 28 over Fado Viaduct.

(d) None.

1. Personnel who have distinguished themselves in action.

(1) 1st. Lt. John J. Thomas (pilot), 2nd Lts. Ivan E. Dean (pilot), Gerald E. Fisher
(bombardier), William C. Huffman (bombardier), Robert M. James (bombardier),
Norman J. Lundmark (bombardier), William H. Martin, Jr. (pilot), Nathan Mims (pilot)
Richard E. Murray (pilot), James M. Rosenbledt (bombardier), Marvin L. Spruill
(bombardier ), Marvin L. Speer (pilot), Robert H. Swanson (pilot), S/Sgts. Maurice H.
Beckhart (engineer-gunner), Carl M. Carlson (radio-gunner), Aubrey W. Chatters
(gunner), Carl S. Escher (gunner), Paul L Free (radio-gunner), Edward S. Korzeniowski
(bombardier), Watson L. Partee (gunner), Frank J. Reynolds (gunner), Alvin L. Simberg
(radio-gunner), John F. Toole (gunner), Sgts. Anthony J. Abbondanza (aerial gunner),
Clint R. Collins (gunner), John Corkill (gunner), Hughie L. Curry (gunner), Harold E.
Fowler (gunner), Frank J. Flowers (aerial gunner), Archille E. Lamoureau
(photographer), William T. Mabbutt (engineer-gunner), Vincent A. Mango (gunner),
Clifford A. Rose (gunner), L.E Sheppard (gunner), Ralph Sinclair (gunner), Pfc Arthur
T. Shand (photographer), and Pvt. Charles M. Richards (turret gunner).

(a) Bombing of “Berlin” Vallecorsa.
(b) Blocking road junction.
(c) Air Medal.

k. None.

2. Inclosed are War Diary, 447th Bombardment Squadron, for the period 1 May to 31
May1944, Special Account for the month of May 1944; Squadron Statistics for the
month of May 1944.

For the Commanding Officer:

3 Incl: SALVATORE P. CASARELLA, Jr.,

Incl – 1 War Diary. 1st. Lt., Air Corps,

Incl – 2 Special Account Historian.

Incl – 3 Squadron Statistics

May 1944 (continued)

Missions Flown: 32 Sorties Flown: 165

Bombs dropped (weight): 947,180 Nickels dropped (packages): 32

Planes lost: 2 (1 crew) Enemy Aircraft Destroyed: None

Enemy Aircraft Damaged (in air): None

May 1944 (continued)

448th BS War Diary: Additional Information for May 1944: The month of May
began with clear weather and the first sign of summer, heat, dust and the general lack of
ambition but with the acquisition of new planes (B-25 J), all line personnel were kept
busy readying them for combat. All combat personnel spent their spare time in building
Clubs for the Officers and Enlisted Men. The Officers began an elaborate building with
cement floor, stone walls and a large fireplace and elaborate bar. Under the leadership of
1st Sergeant Iseldyke and following the plans of Sergeant Bishop the Enlisted Men began
the construction of a very large club and Mess Hall. The walls of the building were to be
constructed of slab siding and a rustic motif was carried out.

Bishop, William (NMI), Sgt, gunner Iseldyke, LeRoy J., Sgt, personnel, 1st Sgt

Missions continued to pound the Italian communication network and wreaked
havoc on the enemies supply system. Early in the month Lieutenant Jones, returned after
successfully escaping from German held Italy. His story of his terror raising experience
during his six weeks stay in enemy territory sounded like an excerpt from a thrilling
adventure magazine. His information on escape and traveling across Italy was greatly
appreciated by all combat members of the squadron. His graphic description of the
German difficulties in supplying their front lime troops gave ample proof of the
effectiveness of the 321st Bomb Group prowess. As the pilots and bombardiers gained
experience and ability in this difficult precision work, scores of 80-90 and 100 per-cent
bombing efficiency were common. The Group received a special commendation from
General Knapp for its bombing of the Todi road bridge and a recommendation for a
Citation for its work during the month of May. The 448th participated in 34 of the 50
missions flown by the Group during the month. Several of its bombings WERE effective
in preventing German counter-attacks as the Fifth and Eight Armies began a new
offensive to capture Rome.

Knapp, Robert D., Brigadier General, 57th BW Commander

In the area, the beginning of the month found very desultory attempts being made
at digging fox-holes but the night of 13 May brought a sudden end to this lackadaisical
attitude. At about 23:30 the squadron was aroused by the long wail of the siren which
brought everyone tumbling out of their beds into the cold brightly moonlit night. For a
time all was quiet, then to the North was seen the flash of anti-aircraft fire and soon after
the dull booming of dropping bombs and exploding flak. Soon the glow of burning
planes and gasoline lighted the Northern sky. Either the 340th or 310th Bomb Group were
receiving a visit from the Axis. The next morning details of the raid filtered by means of
the rumor system down to the squadron, about 20 men were fatally injured, several more
seriously injured and many planes were put out of commission. Little satisfaction was
felt when Axis Sally announce that the 310th was next and then would come the 321st’s
turn. Dirt flew as picks and shovels dug deeper and deeper into the concrete-like soil of
Corsica. Fox holes ranged from deep holes to log covered dirt packed air raid shelters.
All personnel who slept on the Line were immediately withdrawn to the area. The tents
however still remained in straight company streets. This condition continued until all fox

May 1944 (continued)

holes were completed then the order came to disperse the tents back into the brush. This
order was complied with in a short time.

Despite the prophecy made at Guado that the PX rations and the food on Corsica
would be very poor the contrary was found to be true. Candy bars, cokes, fresh meat and
vegetables were in abundance. In the Enlisted Men’s Mess cake and pie were a frequent
and welcome addition to the menu. In the Officer’s Mess these delicacies came less often
but their Mess also benefited by the excellent rations.

New Officers and Enlisted Men continued to pour into the squadron and by the
end of the month 10 Officers and 340 Enlisted Men brought the squadron strength
unprecedented height of 446. There was a total of 27 combat crews and several additions
to the ground personnel. The original members of the squadron received slight
encouragement when a few of the older personnel were sent home on the new rotation
plan. After 18 months of faithful service “Tony” the mail man departed for the U.S.A.
One of the new replacements, Joe Yearwood, was happy to join his father Sergeant
Booth.

Booth, Ernest L., Sgt, engineering Yearwood, Joe C., Pvt, engineer

Although many men were completing 50 missions unusually low numbers of
them returned to the U.S.A. and most of those that did returned form only 30 days and
then were to return to the squadron.

Entertainment was found to be the sore spot on the Corsican Scene. There were
only two cities on the island, Bastia and Ajaccio and these were crowded with French
soldiers. For the outdoor men of the squadron fishing and hunting were welcome
diversions but for most of the men the bi-weekly pictures were the only source of
entertainment. As the weather grew warmer swimming was added to the list of activities.
Corsican wine was found to be even more expensive and less tasty than that found in
Italy or Africa. Food such as eggs and other native products were practically non-
existent. Late in the month a new shower was built just three miles down the road at the
small town of Travo. It came as a welcome addition to the Group’s facilities as summer
arrived in earnest during the month and the dust created by the ceaseless activity of the
planes and trucks coated all personnel.

Although the mail situation remained poor throughout the month, twice during
that period a full truck load of packages and newspapers quieted any complaints about the
lack of news from home.

The squadron remained in fairly good health although a threat of malaria hung
constantly over the area as the winged bombers made nightly attacks on the unsuspecting
personnel. Atebrin was a daily must on everyone’s diet.

May 1944 (continued)

The month drew to a close without the loss of a single plane or man but on 31
May while on a mission over Subiaco this record was spoiled. Due to the great skill of
Lieutenant Matthews and the courage of Sergeant Bell the incident ended without loss of
life. The plane was hit just before the target and as the bomb release mechanism was
destroyed the bombs could not be dropped, Lieut. Mathews turned towards the coast and
was out of formation to act as protection and guide for the disabled plane. As the plane
continued to lose altitude Lt. Mathews instructed his crew members to bail out, three of
them, Lt. Apple, Norris and Sgt. Carrick obeyed but Sgt. Bell volunteered to stay with
Sgt. Anderson who had been seriously wounded in the leg. Despite leaking gas, 4000
pounds of bombs and only one engine Lt. Mathews determined to land his plane on a
small fighter strip on Gaeta Point as this was the only way of saving the life of Sgt.
Anderson. He succeeded in making an excellent crash landing and immediately ran back
to aid Sgt. Bell in removing Sgt. Anderson from the plane. The three men who bailed out
were soon picked up by Italian fishermen and taken to the field where the plane had crash
landed. Lt. Dossey skillfully made a landing on the very short runway, picked up all
crew members except Sgt. Anderson who was taken to a hospital, and returned to home
base.

Anderson, Guy F., Sgt, gunner Apple, John A., 2Lt, bombardier

Bell, Flavious J., Sgt, gunner Carrick, Kenneth M., Sgt, gunner

Dossey, Vernon C., Lt, pilot Matthews, Thomas W., 2Lt, pilot

Norris, Grafton R., Lt, pilot

The month ended with the squadron’s morale at a high pitch as they watched the
“Clubs” move steadily towards completion. Hope was expressed that the promised beer
and liquor would soon make their appearance.

May 1 – 7 – 44: Squadron strength as of 1 May, 1944, 83 Officers and 315 Enlisted
Men. No Officers or Enlisted Men assigned or joined during this period. Lieutenants:
Lyons and Kuykendall promoted to First Lieutenant as of 28 April, 1944. Several
Enlisted Men promoted to T/Sergeant and S/Sergeant. Four missions were flown during
the week over RR communications and RR/bridges in Italy. The month started with
excellent weather which lasted for four days but clouds during the latter part of the week
prevented missions. Work hummed along steadily on the Enlisted Men’s Club and the
Officer’s Club began to rise out of the brush in the rear of the area. Desultory work was
carried on digging fox holes. The showers located near Ghisonaccia received frequent
visits from the 448th due to the extremely warm weather which set in at this time.

Kuykendall, James W., 1Lt, pilot

Lyons, John B., 1Lt, pilot or Lyons, John W., 1Lt, bombardier

May 8 – 14 – 44: The following Officers and Enlisted Men assigned and joined during
this period Lieutenants: Mitchell, Reedy, Mallin, Anderson, Comfort, Grady, Norris and
Maginn; Private. Troccoli, Sergeant. Tracey, Blackard, DeGeorge, Veeck, Fry, Carrick,
Pineda, Hallman, Montoro. On the raid over Orvieto RR/B on the 10th of May,

May 1944 (continued)

Lieutenant Fury and Judy were lightly wounded in action. The following Officers and
Enlisted Men transferred to the U.S.A. Lieutenants: Cooper, Doyle, Lewis, Stewart;
Staff Sergeants: Alley, Neview, Silva; PFC: Grabowski. Ten missions were flown
during the week with a record number of missions flown on the 12th of May when the
squadron completed five missions against the enemy. The 321st Bomb Group paced by
the 448th continued its bridge smashing activities on the Italian Mainland. Work
continued in the area on the two clubs under the approbating eye of Colonel Smith. On
May 13th an event occurred which sent all personnel scurrying to Squadron Supply to
secure picks and shovels to deepen and lengthen their fox holes, that night the 340th
Bomb Group received a devastating attack from German night bombers. Many planes
were destroyed and several men killed and injured. The 448th personnel realized as they
watched the conflagration in the distance that it could happen here.

Ally, George B., S/Sgt, gunner

Anderson, Andrew H. L., Lt, pilot or Anderson, Douglas R., Lt, pilot

Blackard, Hershel L., Sgt, gunner or Blackard, James R., Sgt, gunner

Carrick, Kenneth M., Sgt, gunner Comfort, Edward P., Lt, bombardier

Cooper, James W. Lt, pilot or Cooper, Richard J., Lt, pilot

DeGeorge, Herman (NMI), Sgt, gunner Doyle, Edward J., Lt, pilot

Fry, Tom M., Sgt, communication Fury, Frank M., Lt, pilot

Grabowski, Frank (NMI), PFC, cook Grady, John R., Lt, pilot

Hallman, Robert I., Sgt, gunner Judy, Philip R., 2Lt, bombardier

Lewis, Quentin M., Lt, pilot Maginn, Thomas A., Lt, bombardier

Mallin, Theodore (NMI), Lt, bombardier Mitchell, Robert E., Lt, pilot

Montoro, John A., Sgt, gunner Neview, Frederick J., S/Sgt, gunner

Norris, Grafton R., Lt, pilot Pineda, Nico M., Sgt, gunner

Reedy, Walter W., Lt, pilot Silva, John P., S/Sgt, gunner

Smith, Richard H., Col, pilot, 321st BG Commander

Stewart, Hugh W., 2Lt, pilot or Steward, John C., 2Lt, pilot

Tracy, William J., Sgt, gunner Troccoli, James V., Pvt, engineering

Veeck, Richard W., Sgt, gunner

May 15 – 21 – 44: The following Officers and Enlisted Men were assigned and joined
during this period. Lieutenants: Leonard, Bongiovanni, McKay, Martin, Holcombe,
Tetlow, Goff, Gladwell, Tilton, Kruse, Frasier, Kiska; Sergeants: Bergstrom, Corrigan,
Irvine, Grim, Walker, Congdon, Hochron, Anderson, Magyar; Corporals: Marsh, Nash,
PFC. Larson. The following Enlisted Men were returned to the U.S.A. S/Sergeant.
Daniels, Corporal. Cwikla, PFC. Halley, Stein and T/Sergeant. Rodgers. Due to the
serious damage caused to the 340th when attacked all personnel in the 448th were required
to disperse their tents into the brush. The month of May saw a great improvement in both
the Mess facilities and Rations and by the 21st of May both clubs were well on the way to
completion. If the squadron did not move their accommodations promised to the best yet
experienced in the field. Picture shows offered practically the only entertainment
available.

May 1944 (continued)

Anderson, Guy S., Sgt, gunner or Anderson, Kenneth A., Sgt, armament

or Anderson, Reuben E., Sgt, armament

Bergstrom, Daniel P., Sgt, gunner Bongiovanni, Michael (NMI), Lt, navigator

Congdon, Harry W., Sgt, gunner Corrigan, James F., Jr., Sgt, gunner

Cwikla, Anthony P., Jr., Cpl, personnel Daniels, John (NMI), S/Sgt, gunner

Frazier, Leland R., Lt, pilot Gladwell, James G., Lt, pilot

Goff, Melvin F., Lt, bombardier Grim, Robert E., Sgt, gunner

Halley, William M., PFC, duty soldier Hochron, Manuel (NMI), Sgt, communications

Holcombe, Dewey R., Lt, pilot Irvine, Joseph F., Sgt, supply

Kiska, George P., Lt, bombardier

Kruse, Milford E., Lt, pilot or Kruse, Norman L., Lt, bombardier

Larson, Fred M., PFC, gunner Leonard, Lee V., Lt, pilot

Magyar, Steven J., Sgt, gunner Marsh, Harry L., Cpl, engineering

Martin, James M., Jr., Lt, bombardier McKay, Donald I., Lt, pilot

Nash, Sidney E., Cpl, engineering or Nash William A., Cpl, duty soldier

Rodgers, Charles H., Jr., T/Sgt, gunner or Rodgers, Russell J., T/G, engineering

Stein, PFC

Tetlow, John S., Lt, pilot Tilton, Harvey S., Lt, pilot

Walker, Jack L., Sgt, gunner

May 22 – 31 – 44: Squadron strength as of 31 May 106 Officers and 340 Enlisted Men,
the greatest strength yet reached by the organization. The following Officers and
Enlisted Men assigned and joined during this period: Lieutenants: Kirk, Luckhaupt,
Riley, Rosenau, Winstead, McKinley; the following Sergeants were assigned and joined:
Haack, Goldstein, Wald, Trigler, White, Poteet and Knauss; Corporals: Wolfe, Reber,
Szvetics, PFC: Yearwood, Young; Privates: Gorman, Griffin, Griffis. The following
Officers and Enlisted Men transferred to U.S.A. Captain Freeland, Lieutenant Hales;
Sergeants: Jeffry, McEntee, Gebhart. The following Officers and Enlisted Men were
wounded during this period: Lieutenants: Feeley, Greene and Shear; Sergeants: Bell,
Anderson and Lieutenants Apple and Mathews. In the only loss of a plane during the
month Lieutenant Matthews and crew received a direct flak hit in one engine while on
mission over Subiaco and were forced to land on a fighter landing strip near the Cassino
front. With great skill he succeeded in crash landing his plane while it was loaded with
bombs. Three of the crew bailed out and landed safely in the water. Lieutenant
Matthews and Sergeant Bell remained with the ship in order to aid Sergeant Anderson
who was seriously wounded in the leg. The increasing tempo of the battle in Italy was
demonstrated by the fact that the 448th flew 34 missions during the month. The month
ended with excellent weather and the squadron morale was at a high pitch. Rotation of a
few of the older Enlisted Men gave slight encouragement to the rest of the squadron.

Anderson, Guy S., Sgt, gunner or Anderson, Kenneth A., Sgt, armament

or Anderson, Reuben E., Sgt, armament

Apple, John A., 2Lt, bombardier Bell, Flavious J., Sgt, gunner

Freeland, Levi B., Jr., Capt, pilot Feeley, Walter C., Jr., Lt, bombardier

Gebhart, Ralph J., Sgt, gunner Goldstein, George (NMI), Sgt, gunner

May 1944 (continued)

Gorman, Henry A., Pvt, engineering

Greene, Louis P., 2Lt, bombardier or Greene, William A., 2Lt, pilot

Griffin, Charles W., Pvt, communications or Griffin, Pink C., Pvt, communications or

Griffin William G., Pvt, engineering

Griffis, Roy J., Pvt, engineering Haack, Cecil J., Sgt, gunner

Hales, Ermine L., Lt, pilot Jeffry, Louis J., Sgt, gunner

Kirk, Theodore (NMI), Lt, pilot Knauss, Charles F., Sgt, gunner

Luckhaupt, Robert W., Lt, bombardier Matthews, Thomas W., 2Lt, pilot

McEntee, Peter M., Sgt, gunner McKinley, Robert H., Lt, bombardier

Poteet, Edward J., Sgt, gunner Reber, Hugh W. L., Cpl, engineering

Riley, Robert L., Lt, pilot Rosenau, Gustave D., Lt, pilot

Shear, Meyer (NMI), 2Lt, pilot Szvetics, John (NMI), PFC, engineering

Trigler, Louis E., Sgt, gunner Wald, Douglas A., Sgt, gunner

White, Frank H., Sgt, gunner or White, George E., Sgt, gunner

or White, Joseph J., Sgt, engineer

Winstead, Hungh J., Lt, pilot

Wolfe, Bernard M., Cpl, gunner or Wolfe, Marvin G., Cpl, transportation

Yearwood, Joe C., PFC, engineer Young, William H., PFC, engineer